Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39624154›Full record

ArticleClinical and translational radiation oncology2025

The prognostic utility of IGF-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Ahmed Allam Mohamed, Cennet Sahin, Marie-Luise Berres, Oliver Beetz, Martin von Websky, Thomas Vogel, Florian W R Vondran, Philipp Bruners, Matthias Imöhl, Katharina Frank and 3 more

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Article in Clinical and translational radiation oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in physiology and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ahmed Allam MohamedRadiation Oncology Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Cennet SahinGastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Marie-Luise BerresGastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Oliver BeetzGeneral, Visceral, Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Martin von WebskyGeneral, Visceral, Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Thomas VogelGeneral, Visceral, Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Florian W R VondranGeneral, Visceral, Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Philipp BrunersDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Matthias ImöhlLaboratory Diagnostic Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Katharina FrankRadiation Oncology Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Edith VogtRadiation Oncology Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Binney Pal SinghRadiation Oncology Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Michael J EbleRadiation Oncology Department, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant challenge for patients ineligible for surgical resection or liver transplantation. Local therapies like Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) are crucial for those with liver-limited disease. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a potential biomarker for liver function. This study evaluates IGF-1's prognostic value in predicting survival outcomes in HCC patients undergoing SBRT. Methods: We analyzed 42 HCC patients treated with SBRT between May 2021 and January 2024, with IGF-1 levels measured within four weeks before SBRT. Patient demographics, tumor metrics, and clinical outcomes were examined. The prognostic significance of IGF-1 was assessed using Cox proportional hazards and ROC curve analysis to determine optimal IGF-1 cutoffs for survival prediction. A nomogram predicting 1-year and 2-year survival was constructed using a multivariate Cox model. Results: IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis or sarcopenia. Median overall survival (OS) was 24 months, with a significant survival difference favoring patients with IGF-1 levels above 62.4 ng/ml (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 5.9, P = 0.0025). A multivariable Cox model including Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, IGF-1, and tumor volume effectively predicted survival. IGF-1 and tumor volume significantly impacted OS (HR: 6.9 and 1.004, p = 0.014 and 0.0022, respectively). Integrating IGF-1 with CTP score improved predictive accuracy (c-index 0.66 to 0.75, p = 0.052).The nomogram, integrating IGF-1 with the CTP and tumour volume, exhibited robust predictive accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 for 2-year survival. Conclusion: IGF-1 is a reliable biomarker for liver function and survival prediction in HCC patients undergoing SBRT. Higher IGF-1 levels indicate better prognosis. The developed nomogram, incorporating IGF-1, enhances clinical decision-making for SBRT management. Further validation in larger cohorts is needed.

Indexed as

Hepatocellular carcinomaIGF-1Liver cancer prognosisNomogramSBRTSurvival analysis

Identifiers

PMID39624154
PMCPMC11609351

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