ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Levator Ani Deficiency and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 1 Year Postpartum: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Update on Diagnosis and Treatment for Levator Avulsion.Journal of medical ultrasoundReview
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveFirst, to assess whether levator ani deficiency (LAD) is associated with pelvic floor dysfunction 1 year postpartum, including urinary, vaginal and bowel symptoms; and second, to explore at what cut-off of LAD score such pelvic floor dysfunction arises.
designNested case-control study.
settingÖrebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Primiparous women 1 year after vaginal birth.
methodsThree-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound assessment of the levator ani muscle; LAD score based on this ultrasound, and validated questions about pelvic floor dysfunction. Logistic regression models were used.
main outcome measuresSymptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction associated with LAD.
resultsAltogether 190 women were included, 103 of whom were symptomatic cases and 87 asymptomatic controls. 53% in the case group, and 58% in the control group had a LAD score of 0. A greater LAD score was significantly associated with urinary incontinence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.22) and vaginal laxity (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25). The risk of urinary incontinence was increased when the LAD cut-off score was set between ≥ 1 point and ≥ 4 points. The risk of vaginal laxity was increased when the cut-off was set between ≥ 8 and ≥ 14 points.
conclusionsLAD was associated with both urinary incontinence and vaginal laxity. The risk of urinary incontinence increased already with minor LAD and defects of the most medial levator ani muscle portions normally supporting the midurethra may explain this increase.
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