ReviewEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2024
Assault rifle injuries in civilians: ballistics of wound patterns, assessment and initial management.
Review in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Quantitative wound ballistic analysis of gelatin head phantoms by computed tomography using the total crack length method.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWounds from assault rifles and their commercial offspring have been encountered with increasing frequency in civilian practice. Our aim is to summarize wound ballistics related to the main injury patterns that can also affect management strategies.
methodsAn online search of the PubMed was conducted for research and review articles published after 2000 in English, using the MeSH terms "gunshot wounds", "mass casualty incidents", "war-related injuries", "soft tissue injuries", "vascular system injuries", "colon injuries", "wound infection", "antibiotic prophylaxis", "debridement", "hemorrhage", "penetrating head injuries", "pneumothorax" and additional free-text terms. Other academic databases were also searched for relevant articles and book chapters.
resultsConsensus regarding recognition of high energy wounds from assault rifle projectiles is largely based on war experience. Studies of such wounds inflicted by expanding projectiles suggest that their wounding effects significantly increase tissue damage and adverse outcomes following injury, as a result of the temporary cavity and bullet fragmentation. The use of assault rifles in mass shootings has prompted utilization of tourniquet for control of life-threatening hemorrhage, also derived from military experience, while limited evidence indicates that tension pneumothorax rather than extremity wounds is the leading cause of potentially preventable death in these incidents.
conclusionsWound ballistics provides a system for evaluation of injuries from assault rifles and risk analysis of shooting incidents. Lessons learned from armed conflicts can improve the management of victims, with due consideration given to characteristics of civilian injuries. Further research is required to define the impact on survival by key life-saving procedures in the prehospital setting, in order to prioritize these interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.