Host Genetic Variations and Their Implications on HBV and HCV Infection in the Iranian Population: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.

Background: Background: Hepatitis virus infections are among the serious emerging health issues. They are the primary causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidence shows a link between certain genomic variations and inflammation including viral infection such as HBV and HCV. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively review studies that analyze the effect of host genomic variations on the risk of contracting viral hepatitis in Iranian population. Methods: The study was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement. All Persian and English case-control articles published until the beginning of June 2023 were included in the study. Two authors reviewed the articles independently. The third author reviewed the final results. Pathway analysis and protein interactions were also performed using GO and STRING databases. Results: Seventy relevant studies were retrieved. Fifty-three studies examined the association of SNPs with the risk of HBV infection. In terms of genetic variations, 25 genes and 44 SNPs were identified. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 28B, and Interleukin 10 were the most prevalent considered genes. The most common polymorphisms were in the interleukin family. Moreover, the top five identified molecular functions were cytokine activity, cytokine receptor binding, molecular function regulator, protein binding, and signaling receptor binding. Conclusion: The polymorphisms of genes involved in the production of immune factors, cytokines, interleukins, and their receptors are associated with the risk of HBV and HCV infections in the Iranian population. Moreover, the extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways and the regulating molecules of these processes can be considered as important factors in liability for these viral infections.