A comprehensive review of ultraviolet radiation and functionally modified textile fabric with special emphasis on UV protection.

The functionality of natural origin-based fibres can provide minimal protection against UV exposure; however, surface modification of fabrics can help to achieve better outcomes. The ability to provide protection basically depends upon several factors of textile fabric, such as fibre chemistry, yarn structural parameters, fabric weave construction, fabric areal density, cover factor, porosity, and humidity. Due to the constant reduction of the ozone layer in the atmosphere, increasing UV radiation has now raised severe concerns across the globe, which is projected to deteriorate the state of global health. According to the WHO for the year 2022, more than 2.5 million cases of cancers associated with skin and around 1.5 million cases of blindness and other health-related issues have been reported, which is projected to take a larger picture in a few years. The best way to keep ourselves safe from hazardous UV exposure is through self-protection using protective barriers. By treating fabric with different organic and inorganic UV absorbers, surface modification of textile materials can be achieved to enhance UV blocking performance with the inclusion of different grades of polymers. This review also highlighted the different influencing parameters that effect the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of a fabric and discusses how dyeing and finishing can affect those. Moreover, the study enumerates the current challenges and limitations that can come across while designing a protective fabric along with precautionary measures to overcome those barriers with potential future prospects.