ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2024
Psychiatric Comorbidities in Functional Neurological Disorders and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: A Systematic Review and Policy Recommendations for Improving Assessment and Treatment.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of brain stimulation in functional seizures.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Personality Disorders in Functional and Idiopathic Dystonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Co-occurring functional neurological disorder and autism: an exploratory study of comorbidities in a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Comorbidities Across Functional Neurological Disorder Subtypes: A Comprehensive Narrative Synthesis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) and Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) are progressively attracting the attention of healthcare professionals both in the medical or surgical specialties and in psychiatric ones. Methods: Due to FND and PNES complex presentation, often comorbid with other neurological, medical, and psychiatric conditions, starting from our experience with patients presenting with both conditions, we conducted a systematic review of articles that address the comorbidity of PNES and FND with other psychiatric conditions. Results: Our review supports the point that PNES and FND are not autonomous conditions but develop on the grounds of other psychiatric comorbidities including autism, borderline personality disorder (BPD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alexithymia. Persons with PNES and FND have often a history of child abuse, neglect, and trauma, and these conditions can also trigger the two conditions if appearing later in life. We also propose policies to endorse the comorbidity theory and improve assessment and treatment. Conclusion: The scrutinized studies confirm that PNES and FND might be comorbid or represent manifestations of what we hypothesize as an integrated biopsychosocial model where early trauma, abuse, and neglect lead to a progressive neuro sensitivity that can present in the same person, usually young female patients, as a combination of dysthymia, alexithymia, autism, PTSD, BPD, FND, and PNES.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.