Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39618821›Full record

ReviewMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids2024

Delivering therapeutic RNA into the brain using extracellular vesicles.

Paniz Shirmast, Mahdi Abedinzadeh Shahri, Austin Brent, Adi Idris, Nigel A J McMillan

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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  5. The history and function of a circular RNA.Nature communications · 2026
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  13. Extracellular RNAs as Messengers and Early Biomarkers in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Paniz ShirmastInstitute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Mahdi Abedinzadeh ShahriInstitute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Austin BrentInstitute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Adi IdrisCentre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
Nigel A J McMillanInstitute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RNA science has experienced a surge, particularly its application to vaccine and therapeutic development. Delivery of RNA molecules into the brain remains one of the biggest therapeutic challenges with the blood-brain barrier excluding most drug-delivery modalities such as lipid nanoparticles. As RNA molecules are predisposed to degradation, harnessing its potential as a therapeutic agent requires protection during delivery into target cells. Several solutions have been offered to protect RNA molecules from degradation, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) garnering attention as naturally occurring nanoparticles released by cells, holding promise as carriers for RNA molecules. These EVs, which offer inherent protection to their cargo and have shown promise in efficiently and safely delivering RNA therapeutics present a promising avenue for advancing RNA-based therapeutics in combating various diseases. Here, we review this fast-developing field looking at the range of delivery strategies developed for RNA/EV brain delivery. We summarize the major issues with conventional RNA delivery techniques while emphasizing the potential benefits of EV-based treatments and suggest promising ways forward to progress the field so that we may realize the promise of delivering therapeutic RNA molecules in EVs as potential treatments for neurological disorders.

Indexed as

blood-brain barrierextracellular vesicleslipid nanoparticlesMT: Delivery Strategiesneurodegenerative diseaseRNA interferencetherapeutic RNA

Identifiers

PMID39618821
PMCPMC11607666

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.