Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39617116›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2025

Socioeconomic and Demographic Disparities in Keratoconus Treatment.

Rohith Erukulla, Mohammad Soleimani, Maria Woodward, Niranjan Karnik, Charlotte Joslin, Timothy McMahon, Angelica Scanzera, Ellen Shorter, Hannah Yoon, Maria Cortina and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Rohith ErukullaFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Mohammad SoleimaniFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; AI.Health4All Center for Health Equity using ML/AI (N.K.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: msolei2@uic.edu.
Maria WoodwardDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (M.W.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Niranjan KarnikAI.Health4All Center for Health Equity using ML/AI (N.K.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Charlotte JoslinFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Timothy McMahonFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Angelica ScanzeraFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Ellen ShorterFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Hannah YoonFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Maria CortinaFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Jose de la CruzFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sandeep JainFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Hajirah N SaeedFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Elmer TuFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Mark RosenblattFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Ali DjalilianFrom the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.E., M.S., C.J., T.M., A.S., E.S., H.Y., M.C., J.D.L.C., S.J., J.S., E.T., M.R., A.D.), Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Funding

Translational Core for Therapeutic and Diagnostic DevelopmentP30EY001792 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI SHUKLA, DEEPAK · 1985 to 2025
$14.8M
Novel Therapies for Ocular Chemical InjuriesR01EY024349 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI DJALILIAN, ALI R · 2015 to 2020
$2.1M
Phase I Study of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Promoting Corneal RegenerationUH3EY031809 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI ALI R DJALILIAN · 2021 to 2026
$1.6M
Phase I Study of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Promoting Corneal RegenerationUG3EY031809 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI DJALILIAN, ALI R · 2020 to 2020
$256k
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001792NEI NIH HHS R01 EY024349NEI NIH HHS UG3 EY031809NEI NIH HHS UH3 EY031809
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate healthcare disparities associated with keratoconus (KCN) patients receiving treatment (corneal cross-linking [CXL] and keratoplasty), as well as comorbidities associated with KCN.

designRetrospective clinical cohort study.

methodsA total of 3224 patients from the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System (UI-Health) database from 2020 to 2024 were examined, including 1612 patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis of KCN, and 1612 ophthalmology patients as a control group. Multivariable and univariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic traits and rates of CXL and keratoplasty. Sociodemographic traits included age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and neighborhood social vulnerability. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and manifest cylinder were used as indicators of disease impact. Comorbid disease rates were compared to a 1:1 distance-matched control group. Main outcome measures were odds ratio of undergoing keratoplasty and CXL, and prevalence of comorbid conditions.

resultsFemale individuals received less keratoplasty than male individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, P < .001). Black individuals received less CXL than White individuals (OR = 0.68, P < .05), as did individuals with Medicaid (OR = 0.27, P < .0001) or no insurance (OR = 0.41, P < .001) compared to those with commercial insurance. Individuals from socially vulnerable neighborhoods received less CXL (OR = 0.56, P < .01) and keratoplasty (OR = 0.66, P < .05). Black female individuals were the most vulnerable, undergoing fewer procedures than White female (OR = 0.58, P < .01) and Black male (OR = 0.65, P < .05) individuals. Black and Hispanic/Latin-X individuals presented with more severe disease (P < .01, P < .0001). Down syndrome was more common (P < .01), and diabetes was less common (P < .0001), in KCN patients.

conclusionsSignificant sociodemographic disparities exist in the treatment of KCN. Although further research is necessary, addressing these disparities is crucial for ensuring equitable access to care.

Indexed as

Corneal TransplantationHealthcare DisparitiesKeratoconusPhotochemotherapyAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhotosensitizing AgentsRetrospective StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesVisual AcuityYoung AdultPhotosensitizing Agents

Identifiers

PMID39617116
PMCPMC12818877

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.