ArticleBritish journal of cancer2025
A novel AI-based score for assessing the prognostic value of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in oral epithelial dysplasia.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Predicting Malignant Transformation in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Systematic Comparison of Artificial Intelligence-Based Risk Models and Pathologist-Based Microscopy.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Pooled it
- Pattern-Anchored Diagnosis of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Position Paper From COST Action INTERCEPTOR Working Group 2.Head and neck pathology · 2026Review
- Educational Frameworks for Diagnostic Decision-Making in AI-Enhanced Head and Neck Pathology.Head and neck pathology · 2026Review
- An agentic framework for autonomous scientific discovery in cancer pathology.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Independent Multicentre Validation of the 'Six-Point' Model for Malignant Transformation Risk in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia.Oral diseases · 2026Article
- Integrated Clinical, Histopathological, and Inflammatory Parameters for Predicting Malignant Transformation in High-Risk Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Prospective Study.Head and neck pathology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence based quantification of T lymphocyte infiltrate predicts prognosis in high grade breast cancer using deep learning and statistical validation.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Etiopathogenesis of Oral Lichen Planus: A Review.Head and neck pathology · 2025Review
- Expanding the horizon of prognostic markers in oral epithelial dysplasia: a critical appraisal of the novel AI-based IEL score.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOral epithelial dysplasia (OED) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its potential for malignant transformation and the lack of reliable prognostic markers. Current OED grading systems do not reliably predict transformation and suffer from considerable observer variability. Recent studies have highlighted that peri-epithelial lymphocytes may play an important role in OED malignant transformation, with indication that intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may also be important.
methodsWe propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based IEL score from Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained Whole Slide Images (WSIs) of OED tissue slides. We determine the prognostic value of our IEL score on a digital dataset of 219 OED WSIs (acquired using three different scanners), compared to pathologist-led clinical grading.
resultsOur IEL scores demonstrated significant prognostic value (C-index = 0.67, p < 0.001) and were shown to improve both the binary/WHO grading systems in multivariate analyses (p < 0.001). Nuclear analyses confirmed the positive association between higher IEL scores, more severe OED and malignant transformation (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThis underscores the potential importance of IELs, and by extension our IEL score, as prognostic indicators in OED. Further validation through prospective multi-centric studies is warranted to confirm the clinical utility of IELs.
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