Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39614001›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2025

Disparities in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Across Racial and Ethnic Groups: Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic, Clinicopathologic, and Treatment Variations.

Pierre Fwelo, Ruosha Li, Natalia I Heredia, Dennis Nyachoti, Toluwani E Adekunle, Tiwaladeoluwa B Adekunle, Ayrton Bangolo, Xianglin L Du

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Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Pierre FweloDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9390-5268
Ruosha LiDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-4392
Natalia I HerediaDepartment of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-3700
Dennis NyachotiDepartment of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-599X
Toluwani E AdekunleDepartment of Psychology, Public Health Program, Calvin University School of Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-5177
Tiwaladeoluwa B AdekunleCenter for Education in Health Sciences, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-0948
Ayrton BangoloDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health/Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-2480
Xianglin L DuDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. xianglin.l.du@uth.tmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-5252

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThyroid cancer remains a significant public health concern, with disparities in mortality rates observed across racial/ethnic groups. We quantified the extent to which socioeconomic, clinicopathologic, and treatment variations explain racial/ethnic disparities in thyroid cancer mortality.

methodsWe studied a cohort of 109,981 thyroid cancer patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2018 using the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of race/ethnicity with treatment status. We also performed mediation analyses to estimate how much the racial/ethnic differences in thyroid cancer-specific mortality were explained by variations in treatment and clinicopathologic and socioeconomic factors.

resultsNon-hispanic (NH) Black patients were more likely to not receive the recommended surgical resection than NH White patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.20). NH Black patients had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with NH White patients (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.31). Mediation analysis showed that socioeconomic status significantly explained 48.7% (indirect effect HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14) of the difference in thyroid cancer-specific mortality between NH Black and NH White patients.

conclusionsThis study found that race/ethnicity was associated with treatment status and the risk of mortality among patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Moreover, clinicopathologic and socioeconomic factors were identified as the most crucial mediators that explained the excess mortality among minority groups. These findings provide insight into the pathways through which disparities in thyroid cancer mortality in NH Black and Hispanic thyroid patients could operate.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesSEER ProgramSocioeconomic FactorsThyroid NeoplasmsAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanEthnicityFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Status DisparitiesHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisClinicopathologic factorsMediation analysisMortalityRacial disparitiesSocioeconomic statusThyroid cancerTreatment variations

Identifiers

PMID39614001

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.