Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39612108›Full record

ArticleJournal of immigrant and minority health2025

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) People in Canada.

Shamara Baidoobonso, Egbe Etowa, Joy Nnadi, Sandra Mba, Wangari Tharao, Charles Daboné, Sulaimon Giwa, Ayokunle Ogunleye, Lilian Azangtsop Ndongmo, Josephine Etowa

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Shamara BaidoobonsoFaculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. sbaidoobonso@dal.ca.
Egbe EtowaFaculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Joy NnadiFaculty of Arts, Doctor of Psychology Program, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
Sandra MbaFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
Wangari TharaoWomen's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Charles DabonéCanadians of African Descent Health Organization, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Sulaimon GiwaSchool of Social Work, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada.
Ayokunle OgunleyeBlack Cultural Society of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada.
Lilian Azangtsop NdongmoFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
Josephine EtowaCanadians of African Descent Health Organization, Ottawa, ON, Canada. josephine.etowa@uottawa.ca.

Funding

Public Health Agency of Canada N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) people in Canada. Despite higher SARS-CoV-2 exposure risks, likelihood of being quarantined, and risk of severe disease outcomes, little is known about the pandemic's effects on this community's mental health. This study aims to identify factors associated with changes in ACB Canadians' mental health during the pandemic and provide guidance for improved access to mental health resources. Data was collected from May to July 2021 using a cross-sectional, national, online survey. Eligible participants for this community-based study were ACB adults residing in Canada. Survey measures included demographics, pandemic-related experiences, mental health status, and access to mental health services. Bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression examined associations between variables. Among the 1,556 participants, 25.4% reported improved mental health and 33.1% reported worsened mental health since the pandemic's onset. Improved mental health was associated with younger age, receiving at least one pandemic-related benefit, and living in a home that became safer. In contrast, worsened mental health was associated with younger age, working less, the pandemic having a major impact on ability to pay bills, not receiving pandemic-related benefits, home becoming less safe, and increased substance use. Barriers to accessing mental health services included difficulty getting an appointment, cost, pandemic measures, and lack of culturally competent care. These insights underscore the positive impact of pandemic-related emergency relief, the challenges in accessing mental health services, and the gaps in culturally competent mental health care.

Indexed as

Black PeopleCOVID-19Mental HealthAdolescentAdultAfricaAgedCanadaCaribbean RegionCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMaleMental Health ServicesMiddle AgedBlack peopleCanadaCOVID-19 pandemicMental health

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.