ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
A dose escalation study to evaluate the safety of an aerosol BCG infection in previously BCG-vaccinated healthy human UK adults.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04777721 (A Clinical Challenge Study to Evaluate Controlled Human Infection With BCG Administered by the Aerosol Inhaled Route in Historically BCG-vaccinated Healthy Adult Volunteers), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Challenge Study to Evaluate Controlled Human Infection With BCG Administered by the Aerosol Inhaled Route in Historically BCG-vaccinated Healthy Adult Volunteers
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung mucosal and systemic responses at single-cell resolution in an aerosolized Mycobacterium bovis BCG human challenge model.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- BCG immunisation through intranasal instillation protects mice against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by enhancing alveolar macrophage activity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: emerging modalities, cross-disciplinary innovations, and roadmaps for drug-resistant disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Driving innovation from discovery to access: Meeting report of the 7Gates open research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine, provides limited protection. Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are useful in accelerating vaccine development for pathogens with no correlates of protection; however, the need for prolonged treatment makes Methods: There were 12 healthy, historically BCG-vaccinated UK adults sequentially enrolled into dose-escalating groups. The first three received 1 × 10 Results: No serious AEs occurred during the study. Solicited systemic and respiratory AEs were frequent in all groups, but generally short-lived and mild in severity. There was a trend for more reported AEs in the highest-dose group. No live BCG was detected in BAL from any volunteers. Aerosol BCG induced potent systemic cellular immune responses in the highest-dose group 7 days post-infection. Discussion: Aerosol BCG infection up to a dose of 1 × 10 Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04777721.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.