ArticleCureus2024
Panoramic Assessment of Mental Foramen Location in Adult Patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evaluation of Mental Foramen Position and Morphology on Panoramic Radiographs.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine the localization of the mental foramen in a Saudi population using panoramic radiographs, identify the most common vertical and horizontal positions, assess bilateral symmetry, and analyze variations based on age and gender.
methodsDigital panoramic radiographs of 504 patients, aged 18-58 years, were analyzed. The variables assessed included age group, gender, vertical position (Zones A, B, and C), horizontal position (Zones 1-6), and symmetry (present/absent) of the mental foramen location bilaterally. The mental foramen location was determined using standardized vertical and horizontal zones, and data were recorded on specialized sheets. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, and intra-examiner reliability were performed.
resultsThe sample consisted of 250 (49.6%) females and 254 (50.4%) males. Vertically, Zone B coinciding with premolar apices was the most frequent position bilaterally, with 317 (62.9%) on the right side and 321 (63.7%) on the left side. Horizontally, Zone 4 between the first and second premolars was predominant, with 332 (65.9%) on the right side and 345 (68.5%) on the left side. High bilateral symmetry in the location was observed in 441 (87.5%) cases. Statistically significant differences were found in mental foramen localization based on gender (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between age and vertical position, although a tendency for more anterior horizontal positioning in older individuals was noted (p > 0.05).
conclusionWithin the limitations of this panoramic assessment, the mental foramen was located most often inferior to premolar apices vertically and between the first and second premolars horizontally, with a high degree of bilateral symmetry. Gender had a significant impact on mental foramen position, while age showed a non-significant trend toward anterior horizontal localization. These findings guide dental procedures in the premolar region to avoid neurovascular damage.
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