Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39609513›Full record

SynthesisEvidence-based dentistry2025

Applications of AI-based deep learning models for detecting dental caries on intraoral images - a systematic review.

Ayesha Noor Uddin, Syed Ahmed Ali, Abhishek Lal, Niha Adnan, Syed Muhammad Faizan Ahmed, Fahad Umer

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Evidence-based dentistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ayesha Noor UddinSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2557-4784
Syed Ahmed AliSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abhishek LalSection of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine. The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-7069
Niha AdnanSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6589
Syed Muhammad Faizan AhmedSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9410-5470
Fahad UmerSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. dr.fahadumer@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-5941

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Deep Learning (DL) models in the detection of dental caries on intraoral images.

methodsThis systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines conducting an electronic search on PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases for retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional studies published till 1st June 2024. Methodological and performance metrics of clinical studies utilizing DL models were assessed. A modified QUADAS risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment.

resultsOut of 273 studies identified, a total of 23 were included with 19 studies having a low risk and 4 studies having a high risk of bias. Overall accuracy ranged from 56% to 99.1%, sensitivity ranged from 23% to 98% and specificity ranged from 65.7% to 100%. Only 3 studies utilized explainable AI (XAI) techniques for caries detection. A total of 4 studies exhibited a level 4 deployment status by developing mobile or web-based applications.

conclusionAI-based DL models have demonstrated promising prospects in enhancing the detection of dental caries, especially in terms of low-resource settings. However, there is a need for future deployed studies to enhance the AI models to improve their real-world applications.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDeep LearningDental CariesHumans

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.