ArticleScientific reports2024
Prospective heat stress risk assessment for professional soccer players in the context of the 2026 FIFA World Cup.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The 2026 Men's FIFA Football World Cup: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Protect Player Health and Performance from Environmental Challenges.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Physical performance in elite male soccer under extreme heat: A case study of the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Article
- Extreme heat risk and the potential implications for the scheduling of football matches at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.International journal of biometeorology · 2025Article
- Planetary Health: why not empower the Sports and Exercise Medicine community to play the game of life well?BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the risk of severe heat stress and associated potential water losses in professional soccer players, considering as well the oxygen content of the inhaled air in the context of the 2026 FIFA World Cup. For the 16 stadiums, hourly values of biometeorological indices (adjusted Universal Thermal Climate Index - UTCI, Water loss - SW and Oxygen volume - Ov) were calculated. UTCI adjustments included modifications to activity levels, movement speeds and clothing configurations to better reflect the level of thermal stress on soccer player during a match. Ten out of the sixteen sites of the 2026 FIFA World Cup are at very high risk of experiencing extreme heat stress conditions. The highest risk of uncompensable thermal stress due to very high average hourly UTCI values above 49.5 °C and excessive water loss (> 1.5 kg/h) occur in the afternoon in stadiums located in Arlington, Houston (USA) and in Monterrey (Mexico). The results of this study will enable optimization of match schedules at individual venues, taking into account the health risks associated with extreme heat stress, but also the physiological reactions to heat potentially affecting the performance of players on the pitch.
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Registered trials
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