Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39609418›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

SPLICER: a highly efficient base editing toolbox that enables in vivo therapeutic exon skipping.

Angelo Miskalis, Shraddha Shirguppe, Jackson Winter, Gianna Elias, Devyani Swami, Ananthan Nambiar, Michelle Stilger, Wendy S Woods, Nicholas Gosstola, Michael Gapinske and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems to Enhance Gene Editing Efficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Angelo Miskalis *The Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Shraddha Shirguppe *The Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Jackson Winter *The Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Gianna EliasThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Devyani SwamiThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Ananthan NambiarThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9767-9456
Michelle StilgerThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Wendy S WoodsThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Nicholas GosstolaThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Michael GapinskeThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Alejandra ZeballosThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5194-2909
Hayden MooreThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Sergei MaslovThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3701-492X
Thomas GajThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6004-9664
Pablo Perez-PineraThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. pablo@illinois.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9167-0004

Funding

Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NUCATS)UL1TR001422 · NCATS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI D'AQUILA, RICHARD · 2015 to 2023
$56.8M
Optimization of an in vivo base editing strategy to treat SOD1-linked ALSU01NS122102 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI Thomas Gaj, Pablo Perez-Pinera · 2022 to 2026
$5.0M
Development of Technologies for Efficient In Vivo Prime EditingR01GM141296 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI PEREZ-PINERA, PABLO, SONG, JUN S · 2021 to 2024
$2.1M
Tissue microenvironment (TIMe) training programT32EB019944 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI BHARGAVA, ROHIT, GASKINS, REX · 2016 to 2025
$1.9M
Development of a CRISPR-Cas13 Gene Therapy for SOD1-Linked ALSR01NS123556 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI Thomas Gaj · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
Engineering platforms for editing RNA with single base resolutionR01GM127497 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI PEREZ-PINERA, PABLO · 2018 to 2021
$1.3M
Advanced Molecular Probes and Cell Engineering Tools for Accurate Single-Molecule Analysis of Signaling in Individual CellsR01GM131272 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI SMITH, ANDREW MICHAEL · 2019 to 2022
$1.1M
American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.) 17SDG33650087Muscular Dystrophy Association (Muscular Dystrophy Association Inc.) MDA602798NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001422NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB019944NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM127497NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM131272NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM141296NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS123556NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS122102U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) 1R01GM127497U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) 1R01GM131272U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) 1R01GM141296U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) 1R01NS123556U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) 1U01NS122102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exon skipping technologies enable exclusion of targeted exons from mature mRNA transcripts, which have broad applications in medicine and biotechnology. Existing techniques including antisense oligonucleotides, targetable nucleases, and base editors, while effective for specific applications, remain hindered by transient effects, genotoxicity, and inconsistent exon skipping. To overcome these limitations, here we develop SPLICER, a toolbox of next-generation base editors containing near-PAMless Cas9 nickase variants fused to adenosine or cytosine deaminases for the simultaneous editing of splice acceptor (SA) and splice donor (SD) sequences. Synchronized SA and SD editing improves exon skipping, reduces aberrant splicing, and enables skipping of exons refractory to single splice site editing. To demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SPLICER, we target APP exon 17, which encodes amino acids that are cleaved to form Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease. SPLICER reduces the formation of Aβ42 peptides in vitro and enables efficient exon skipping in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Overall, SPLICER is a widely applicable and efficient exon skipping toolbox.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseExonsGene EditingAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsCRISPR-Cas SystemsDisease Models, AnimalHEK293 CellsHumansMiceMice, TransgenicRNA Splice SitesRNA SplicingAmyloid beta-PeptidesRNA Splice Sites

Identifiers

PMID39609418
PMCPMC11604662

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.