Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39609398›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

A blueprint for broadly effective bacteriophage-antibiotic cocktails against bacterial infections.

Minyoung Kevin Kim, Qingquan Chen, Arne Echterhof, Nina Pennetzdorfer, Robert C McBride, Niaz Banaei, Elizabeth B Burgener, Carlos E Milla, Paul L Bollyky

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Phage as a prospective arsenal against superbugs.Molecular biology reports · 2026
    Review
  13. Pharmacology of Bacteriophage Therapy in Children: A Re-Emerging Paradigm in Antibacterial Therapy.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Bacteriophage-mediated reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on titanium surfaces for biomedical applications.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Intracellular barriers and receptor masking limit success of abioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article

28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Minyoung Kevin KimDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. kimkevin@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4826-3232
Qingquan ChenDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Arne EchterhofDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-6963-9780
Nina PennetzdorferDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Robert C McBrideDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Niaz BanaeiDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Elizabeth B BurgenerCenter for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8969-6232
Carlos E MillaCenter for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Paul L BollykyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. pbollyky@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-2499-9448

Funding

The role of macrophages in chronic suppurative otitis media associated sensory hearing lossR01DC019965 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Peter Luke Santa Maria · 2022 to 2026
$3.6M
Non-invasive Monitoring for Infections and Rejection after Lung TransplantationR01AI182349 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Paul L Bollyky · 2024 to 2026
$1.8M
Pathogenesis of Pf Bacteriophages in Pseudomonas Cystic Fibrosis lung InfectionsR01HL148184 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MILLA, CARLOS · 2019 to 2022
$1.7M
Studies on bacteriophages in respiratory diseasesK24AI166718 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Paul L Bollyky · 2022 to 2026
$815k
Bacteriophage as a predictive biomarker in chronic Pseudomonas airway diseaseK23HL169902 · NHLBI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF LOS ANGELES · PI Elizabeth Bendig Burgener · 2023 to 2026
$796k
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CF Foundation) CFFNHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL169902NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148184NIAID NIH HHS K24 AI166718NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI182349NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC019965U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL148184-01U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01AI12492093
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a promising therapeutic modality for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, but its application is mainly limited to personalized therapy due to the narrow host range of individual phages. While phage cocktails targeting all possible bacterial receptors could theoretically confer broad coverage, the extensive diversity of bacteria and the complexity of phage-phage interactions render this approach challenging. Here, using screening protocols for identifying "complementarity groups" of phages using non-redundant receptors, we generate effective, broad-range phage cocktails that prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance. We also discover characteristic interactions between phage complementarity groups and particular antibiotic classes, facilitating the prediction of phage-antibiotic as well as phage-phage interactions. Using this strategy, we create three phage-antibiotic cocktails, each demonstrating efficacy against ≥96% of 153 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, including biofilm cultures, and demonstrate comparable efficacy in an in vivo wound infection model. We similarly develop effective Staphylococcus aureus phage-antibiotic cocktails and demonstrate their utility of combined cocktails against polymicrobial (mixed P. aeruginosa/S. aureus) cultures, highlighting the broad applicability of this approach. These studies establish a blueprint for the development of effective, broad-spectrum phage-antibiotic cocktails, paving the way for off-the-shelf phage-based therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriophagesPhage TherapyPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusAnimalsBacterial InfectionsBiofilmsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFemaleHumansMicePseudomonas InfectionsStaphylococcal InfectionsWound InfectionAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID39609398
PMCPMC11604943

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.