Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39609376›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor.

Hanfeng Wang, Kunal L Tiwari, Kurt Jacobs, Michael Judy, Xin Zhang, Dirk R Englund, Matthew E Trusheim

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Self-induced superradiant masing.Nature physics · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hanfeng WangMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Kunal L TiwariMIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.
Kurt JacobsDEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0828-6421
Michael JudyAnalog Devices, Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA.
Xin ZhangAnalog Devices, Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA.
Dirk R EnglundMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. englund@mit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-3489
Matthew E TrusheimMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. matthew.e.trusheim.civ@army.mil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-5989

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) 2317134United States Department of Defense | U.S. Air Force (United States Air Force) FA8702-15-D-0001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection and has resulted in leading magnetic sensitivities at the pT-level. This approach, however, remains far from the intrinsic spin-projection noise limit due to thermal Johnson-Nyquist noise and spin saturation effects. Here we tackle these challenges by combining recently demonstrated spin refrigeration techniques with comprehensive nonlinear modeling of the cQED sensor operation. We demonstrate that the optically-polarized NV ensemble simultaneously provides magnetic sensitivity and acts as a heat sink for the deleterious thermal microwave noise background, even when actively probed by a microwave field. Optimizing the NV-cQED system, we demonstrate a broadband sensitivity of 576 ± 6 fT/

Identifiers

PMID39609376
PMCPMC11605127

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.