ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry2025
mRNA vaccine sequence and structure design and optimization: Advances and challenges.
Review in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Towards mRNA therapeutics 2.0.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines: development, challenges, and future perspectives.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Transgene sequence codon optimization and composition determines replication competence of self-amplifying RNA.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of bovine β-globin in the mRNA constructs translates different types of antigenic proteins.Biotechnology letters · 2026Article
- Engineering the Future of Precision Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide to RNA Therapeutics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Computational Design of a Broad-Spectrum Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine Candidate for Mammarenaviruses.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- seq2ribo: structure-aware integration of machine learning and simulation to predict ribosome location profiles from RNA sequences.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Analytical Characterization and Stability Assessment of RNA-Based Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- A protocol for computational design of mRNA vaccines with high functionality and specificity.Biology direct · 2026Article
- The research progress of gastric cancer vaccines: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Synthetic circRNAs employ IRES activity for translation in cells and in cell-free translation systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and Protection of mRNA Vaccine Encoding Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-XEC Subvariant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- mRNA nanotherapeutics for sepsis: immune modulation strategies and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- seq2ribo: Structure-aware integration of machine learning and simulation to predict ribosome location profiles from RNA sequences.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Controlling In Vitro mRNA Polyadenylation by Monitoring Poly(A) Polymerase Consumption of ATP.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CJ-1: an optimized mRNA platform with enhanced protein expression and minimal immunogenicity for therapeutic applications.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Multi-seed searching algorithm for integrated codon optimization of mRNA stability and translational efficiency in vaccine design.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers in prostate cancer: the mRNA vaccine breakthrough and what comes next.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Neoantigen-driven cancer vaccines in personalized oncology: progress, obstacles, and translational prospects.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a powerful tool against communicable diseases and cancers, as demonstrated by their huge success during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite the outstanding achievements, mRNA vaccines still face challenges such as stringent storage requirements, insufficient antigen expression, and unexpected immune responses. Since the intrinsic properties of mRNA molecules significantly impact vaccine performance, optimizing mRNA design is crucial in preclinical development. In this review, we outline four key principles for optimal mRNA sequence design: enhancing ribosome loading and translation efficiency through untranslated region (UTR) optimization, improving translation efficiency via codon optimization, increasing structural stability by refining global RNA sequence and extending in-cell lifetime and expression fidelity by adjusting local RNA structures. We also explore recent advancements in computational models for designing and optimizing mRNA vaccine sequences following these principles. By integrating current mRNA knowledge, addressing challenges, and examining advanced computational methods, this review aims to promote the application of computational approaches in mRNA vaccine development and inspire novel solutions to existing obstacles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.