ArticleActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica2025
Ultrasound visualization and blood flow velocity measurements of the adrenal arteries in the fetus.
Article in Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-Frame-Rate Echocardiography: A New Frontier in Noninvasive Functional Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Fetal Adrenal Gland Biometry and Middle Adrenal Artery Doppler in Pregnancies Presenting with Preterm Labor: A Prospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Ultrasound visualization and blood flow velocity measurements of the adrenal arteries in the fetus.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
introductionDetection and surveillance of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is well established, but there is still room for improvement. Animal studies indicate that compromised fetuses increase adrenal blood flow. Modern ultrasound equipment allows us to measure vascular impedance in the fetal adrenal arteries despite their modest size. However, extensive anatomical variance is a challenge to standardizing measurements. We set out to improve this. MATERIAL AND
methodsWe included 75 low-risk pregnant women in a prospective cross-sectional study aiming to develop a reliable technique to visualize and measure flow velocity in human fetal adrenal arteries. We used commercially available ultrasound equipment: a GE Voluson 10 2019 with a C2-9 probe (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), and a Philips Epiq Elite with a V9-2 probe (Philips Medical Systems International B.V., Best, The Netherlands), exploiting the modern sensitive power Doppler modes in both scanners to visualize small vessels.
resultsAmong 72 fetuses, the inferior adrenal artery was the most consistently visualized and measured artery to the gland. Doppler velocimetry was achieved in 66 (92%) participants. We found the anatomical variation described previously but were able to develop visualization strategies to identify the common arteries and use a consistent Doppler technique for the second half of pregnancy.
conclusionsIt is possible to visualize and measure flow velocity in the adrenal arteries of human fetuses. The success rate was highest for the inferior adrenal artery making this vessel a candidate for clinical studies.
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