Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39606413›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025

Comorbidity alters the genetic relationship between anxiety disorders and major depression.

Markos Tesfaye, Alexey Shadrin, Nadine Parker, Piotr Jaholkowski, Pravesh Parekh, Gleda Kutrolli, Viktoria Birkenæs, Nora R Bakken, Helga Ask, Guy Hindley and 6 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Markos TesfayeCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-3351-701X
Alexey ShadrinCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Nadine ParkerCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Piotr JaholkowskiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Pravesh ParekhCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1930-1167
Gleda KutrolliCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Viktoria BirkenæsCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-3194-1535
Nora R BakkenCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Helga AskPsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Guy HindleyCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Oleksandr FreiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Srdjan DjurovicCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anders M DaleDepartment of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Olav B SmelandCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Kevin S O'ConnellCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ole A AndreassenCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-4461-3568

Funding

OTA-21-015A Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Initiative: NYU Langone Health Clinical Science Core, Data Resource Core, and PASC Biorepository CoreOT2HL161847 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GROSS, RACHEL SHARON, HORWITZ, LEORA · 2021 to 2025
$651.0M
ABCD-USA Consortium: Data Analysis, Informatics and Resource CenterU24DA041123 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE · 2015 to 2026
$51.5M
Healthy Brain and Child Development National Consortium Data Coordinating CenterU24DA055330 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ANDERS M DALE, Damien A Fair · 2021 to 2026
$34.6M
The VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging (VETSA MRI 4)R01AG076838 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE, Jeremy A Elman · 2022 to 2026
$8.7M
A Trans-Nordic Study of Extreme Major DepressionR01MH123724 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI PATRICK F SULLIVAN, Lu Yi · 2020 to 2026
$4.7M
Cross-Population Working Group on Genes and Environment in Major Depression (POP-GEM): Advancing the Understating of Etiology through DiversityR01MH125938 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI Roseann Elizabeth Peterson · 2022 to 2026
$4.2M
3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Advancing Discovery and ImpactR01MH124839 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ANDREASSEN, OLE A, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161847NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076838NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA041123NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA055330NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123724NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124839NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125938
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Comorbid anxiety disorders (ANX) and major depression (MD) have worse clinical outcomes than either disorder alone. Analysis of genomic data based on comorbidity status may reveal more precise biological pathways and causal relationships with potential clinical implications. We investigated the genetic relationship between ANX and MD with and without mutual comorbidity. Methods: We leveraged data from UK Biobank to perform disorder-specific genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ANX-only (n=189,422) and MD-only (n=194,339) and generate polygenic risk scores (PRS). The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa, n = 130,992) served to test the associations of PRS with diagnoses. MD and ANX GWAS, including comorbidities (MD-comorbid and ANX-comorbid), were used for comparison. Genetic correlations were compared by comorbidity status, and Mendelian randomization was employed to assess causal relationships. Results: The MD-only PRS showed a stronger association with MD-only compared to ANX-only cases (Z=3.74; P Conclusions: ANX and MD show more distinct genetics when comorbid cases are excluded, and ANX may be causal for MD. Disorder-specific genetic studies help uncover more relevant biological mechanisms and guide tailored clinical interventions.

Identifiers

PMID39606413
PMCPMC11601679

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.