ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of a novel nomogram for predicting long-term survival in gallbladder cancer: a large population-based study using the SEER database.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Association of surgical extent with survival in locally advanced gallbladder cancer based on propensity score matching.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- New progress and clinical research translation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in systemic therapy of gallbladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy on survival outcomes in patients with gallbladder carcinoma: a real population-based study.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Treatment for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains controversial, with various recommendations regarding the choice and combination of surgery and adjuvant therapy. The present article is targeting for the exploration of optimal treatment models for advanced GBC. Methods: AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition) stage III and stage IV GBC, were defined as advanced GBC. Patients with advanced GBC were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and departmental cohort. Because of the most representative, only gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) patients were selected. Based on their surgical status (No, Non-radical and Radical surgery), chemotherapy status (Chemotherapy, No chemotherapy), and radiotherapy status (Radiotherapy, No radiotherapy), treatment models were categorized. For the purposes of evaluating the treatment outcomes of various treatment models and determining the risk element for cancer-specific survival (CSS), Cox regression analysis was applied. Kaplan-Meier curves were used before and after adjusting for covariates, with log-rank tests used to analyze discrepancies between curves. Immunotherapy was analyzed using clinical data from departmental cohort. Finally, to compensate for the limitations of the database, a review examines the progress in treatment models for advanced GBC. Results: 5,154 patients aged over 18 years with solitary primary advanced GBC were identified from the SEER database. In advanced GBC patients, the treatment model has emerged as a significant prognostic factor. "Radical surgery + Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy" models maximally improved the CSS of advanced GBC before and after adjusting for covariates, while "No surgery + No chemotherapy + No radiotherapy" model had the lowest CSS. The present conclusions were supported even after subgroup analysis by AJCC stage. The efficacy of immunotherapy was demonstrated in the departmental cohort analysis. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in various emerging treatment strategies. Conclusion: Even when optimal treatment model cannot be pursued, providing comprehensive combinations of treatments to advanced GBC patients whenever possible is always beneficial for their survival.
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