ArticleFrontiers in public health2024
Global burden of low back pain and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
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- The effectiveness of artificial intelligence health education accurately linking system on self-management in non-specific lower back pain patients.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Quality improvement in the management of degenerative spinal disorders: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- The Knowledge-to-Practice Gap in Safe Lifting and Biomechanical Risks as Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Manual Material Handling.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Chronic lower back pain and its impact on health-related quality of life among undergraduates of Gulu University, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Low Back Pain: A Large-Scale Study Identifying a Synergistic Lifestyle Risk.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Sex- and Age-Related Variation in Vertebral Geometry Influences Lumbar Spine Loading: An Image-Based Computational Modeling Study.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Trends in the burden of low back pain attributable to occupational ergonomic factors among the global population aged 15-64 years (1990-2021): a study based on the GBD database.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Transforming chronic low back pain management in Bangladesh: implications for rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- NSAID Use Attenuates the Protective Effect of Physical Activity on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2009-2010.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Factors associated with preoperative health-related quality of life in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Estimating Lumbar Spine Foraminal Disc Measurements Using Ultrasound and X-Ray Imaging Through Advanced Image Annotation, Processing, and Mathematical Modeling During Chiropractic Traction Procedures: A Feasibility Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Low Back Pain Characteristics Among Health Science Undergraduates: A Prospective Study for 2-Year Follow Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Neck and Low Back Pain in China and Globally: Divergent Trends Among Women of Reproductive Age-An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Article
- Intelligence without intuition: a mixed-methods pilot study on reasoning models in musculoskeletal physiotherapy for low-back pain.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Intradiscal Procedures for Discogenic Low Back Pain: Considerations and Implications - A Narrative Review.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Global burden of low back pain from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis of risk factors and trends using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Pain Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chinese Menopausal Women: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Body Mass Index.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Proteolytic enzyme models as tunable preclinical platforms for investigating intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in China and worldwide based on the Global Burden of Disease study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the evolving trends in the global burden of low back pain (LBP) from 1990 to 2021 and predicted disease burden until 2035. Materials and methods: LBP-related data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. All estimates and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool in Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factor Study (GBD) 2021. Data processing and visualization were conducted using The R Programming Language software version 4.3.2 and Joinpoint 4.7. Results: In 2021, approximately 628.8 million people worldwide were affected by LBP, with approximately 266.9 million new incident cases and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 3176.6 per 100,000. Compared with 1990, although the ASIR and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDALYsR) decreased, absolute numbers increased significantly. Projections for 2035 reveal a continued decline in ASIR and ASDALYsR for LBP. The LBP burden varied by the sociodemographic index quintile and GBD region, with the highest ASIR and ASDALYsR observed in Central Europe and the greatest decrease in East Asia. Globally, women bear a higher burden of LBP than men, with middle-aged populations experiencing the heaviest burden. Occupational ergonomic factors, high body mass index, and smoking remain the primary risk factors for LBP, with occupational ergonomic factors contributing the most to the overall burden. Conclusion: Despite a projected decline in incidence, the global burden of LBP persists, exhibiting significant regional and gender disparities. To mitigate its future burden, precise and effective prevention and control strategies targeting high-risk factors are imperative.
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