ArticleAnnals of neurology2025
Towards a Unified Set of Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Osteopontin as a diagnostic and NTZ-response biomarker of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Application of the 2024 McDonald Criteria: Earlier Diagnosis and Avoiding Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in a Global Setting.Neurology · 2026Review
- Impact of machine learning-driven analysis of blood transcriptomes in multiple sclerosis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Whole anterior visual pathway segmentation from high-resolution MRI using artificial intelligence.European radiology experimental · 2026Article
- When is the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome already Multiple Sclerosis According to the 2024 McDonald Criteria?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Performance of the 2024 McDonald Criteria in Patients Under Evaluation for Suspected Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2026Article
- From Diagnosis to Disease Staging: Multisite Validation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Molecular Tests in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- From the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial to Antibody-Mediated Optic Neuritis: Four Decades of Progress and Unanswered Questions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Serum miRNA-155 and TREM2 as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Monitoring Neuroinflammation and Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis: a rare but interesting association.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Deep learning in imaging analysis for multiple sclerosis: Diagnosis and monitoring.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence of parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis - a critical note.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Implementation of the 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Incidence, Etiology, and Long-Term Outcome of Acute Myelitis in Stockholm County, Sweden: A Population-Based Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Evolving the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A New Landscape in Light of the 2024 McDonald Criteria.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Decoding Thalamic Glial Interplay in Multiple Sclerosis Through Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Positron Emission Tomography.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Oral Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effect of Different Treatments on Retinal Thickness Changes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Microglia positron emission tomography and progression in multiple sclerosis: thalamus on fire.Brain communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe 2017 McDonald criteria continued the separation of diagnostic criteria for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) for historical, rather than biological, reasons. We aimed to explore the feasibility of a single, unified set of diagnostic criteria when applied to patients with suspected PPMS.
methodsWe retrospectively identified patients evaluated for suspected PPMS at 5 European centers. The 2017 McDonald PPMS criteria was the gold standard against which the 2017 McDonald RRMS dissemination in space (DIS) and dissemination in time criteria were evaluated. We also investigated modified RRMS DIS criteria, including: (i) optic nerve lesions; (ii) ≥2 spinal cord lesions; and (iii) higher fulfilment of DIS criteria alone (lesions in ≥3 regions) without dissemination in time/positive cerebrospinal fluid, for a diagnosis of PPMS.
resultsA total of 282 patients were diagnosed with PPMS using the 2017 McDonald criteria, and 40 with alternate disorders. The 2017 McDonald RRMS DIS criteria and the modified DIS criteria including the optic nerve or ≥2 spinal cord lesions performed well in PPMS diagnosis when combined with dissemination in time/positive cerebrospinal fluid (sensitivity 92.9-95.4%, specificity 95%, accuracy 93.2-95.3%). A diagnosis of PPMS based on high fulfillment of modified RRMS DIS criteria had high specificity, but low sensitivity. A diagnostic algorithm applicable to patients evaluated for suspected MS is proposed.
interpretationThe 2017 McDonald RRMS criteria and modifications to DIS criteria, currently under consideration, performed well in PPMS diagnosis. Forthcoming revisions to the McDonald criteria should consider a single, unified set of diagnostic criteria for MS. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:571-582.
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