SynthesisBMC cardiovascular disorders2024
Are socio-economic inequalities related to cardiovascular disease risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Hypertension Education, Provider, and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Symptom Awareness: 2024 Korea Community Health Survey.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular outcomes and safety associated with statin therapy for primary prevention in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A target trial emulation study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Asia at the Epicenter of the Global Cardiometabolic Shift.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Area deprivation, social vulnerability, and post-pregnancy blood pressure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Occurrence of metabolic syndrome in young adults and inequalities according to sex, skin color, and socioeconomic status: evidence from two birth cohorts in Southern Brazil.Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities and life's essential 8: a focused review and considerations for improving cardiovascular health in the United States.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence, correlates of dyslipidaemia, and 10-year cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV and people without HIV adults in Rwanda: insights from the NCOHIRWA cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Association between social risk profile, cardiovascular risk factors control, and future cardiovascular risk.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Artificial Sweeteners and Cardiovascular Risk in Hungary: Beyond Traditional Risk Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Correction: Are socio-economic inequalities related to cardiovascular disease risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Editorial: Women in ethnopharmacology: 2023.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between socio-economic inequalities and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events.
methodsA systematic review of recently published cohort studies and a meta-analysis of relative risk (RR) of low compared with high socio-economic status (SES) in relation to cardiovascular incidence and mortality was conducted. Supplementary evaluations were conducted considering different proxies of SES in relation to different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
resultsWe identified 17 studies including approximately 26.5 million of participants with more than 900,000 CVD events. We estimated a 50% increased CVD risk for low SES with respect to high SES (RR = 1.49 [95% confidence interval: 1.26, 1.78]). For sex-specific risk, we estimated a 79% increased CVD risk for women of low SES (RR = 1.79 [1.30, 2.46]). In men, the same investigation found a 45% increased CVD risk (RR = 1.45 [1.09, 1.92]). We reported that low education (RR = 1.56 [1.27, 1.91]), increased CVD risk the most, more than low income (RR = 1.38 [1.12, 1.70]).
conclusionAlthough not statistically significant, women of low SES were at higher CVD risk than men. CVD risk was more relevant to educational inequality than economic inequality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.