Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39604607›Full record

ReviewHeart failure reviews2025

Hyperkalemia management: a multidisciplinary expert panel's perspective on the role of new potassium binders.

Cândida Fonseca, Cristina Garagarza, Gil Silva, Graça Caires, Irene Marques, José António Lopes, Patrícia Branco, Rui Alves, Aníbal Ferreira

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Heart failure reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Cândida FonsecaHeart Failure Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental (ULSLO), Lisbon, Portugal. mcandidafonseca@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3019-5956
Cristina GaragarzaDepartment of Nutrition, Nephrocare, 1750-233, Lisbon, Portugal.
Gil SilvaSESARAM, Department of Nephrology, 9004-514, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
Graça CairesSESARAM, Department of Cardiology, 9004-514, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
Irene MarquesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Santo António, Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal.
José António LopesFaculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
Patrícia BrancoDepartment of Nephrology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Unidade Local de Saúde de Loures-Odivelas, 2674-514, Loures, Portugal.
Rui AlvesDepartment of Nephrology, Unidade Local de Saúde Coimbra, 3004-561, Coimbra, Portugal.
Aníbal FerreiraNOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening condition frequently encountered in clinical practice, particularly among patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension and those undergoing treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi). The management of chronic and acute hyperkalemia is complex and requires timely intervention to prevent severe complications such as cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Traditional therapeutic approaches to chronic hyperkalemia, including dietary potassium restriction, use of diuretics, and administration of cation-exchange resins like sodium polystyrene sulfonate, often suffer from limitations like gastrointestinal side effects, variable efficacy, delayed onset of action, and RAASi treatment discontinuation. In recent years, the development of new potassium binders, specifically patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), has revolutionized the management of hyperkalemia. Patiromer, a non-absorbed polymer, binds potassium in the gastrointestinal tract in exchange for calcium, thus facilitating its excretion. SZC operates by exchanging sodium and hydrogen ions for potassium, leading to efficient potassium removal. Both agents have demonstrated rapid and sustained reductions in serum potassium levels, coupled with favorable safety and tolerability profiles, in multiple clinical trials. This review article, authored by a multidisciplinary group of Portuguese experts in hyperkalemia management, provides an in-depth analysis of the efficacy and safety of current therapeutic strategies and highlights the clinical potential of new potassium binders. The introduction of patiromer and SZC offers significant advantages over traditional therapies, providing effective and better-tolerated options for patients. The review highlights the role of these novel agents in contemporary hyperkalemia management and calls for ongoing research to further refine treatment protocols and improve patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Chelating AgentsHyperkalemiaPolyaminesPolymersPotassiumSilicatesDisease ManagementHumansChelating AgentspatiromerPolyaminesPolymersPotassiumSilicatessodium zirconium cyclosilicateChronic kidney diseaseHeart failureHyperkalemiaPatiromerRAASi therapySodium zirconium cyclosilicate

Identifiers

PMID39604607
PMCPMC11802687

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.