Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39604317›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Psychosocial outcomes in a diverse sample of youth and their families who initiated continuous glucose monitoring within the first year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis.

Ananta Addala, Victor Ritter, Aika K Schneider-Utaka, Selma A Alamarie, Erica Pang, Ilenia Balistreri, Blake Shaw, Franziska K Bishop, Dessi P Zaharieva, Priya Prahalad and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04336969 (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric T1D - 4T Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04336969 nacompletednot on this map

Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric T1D - 4T Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2020 to 2025Enrolled316ConditionsType1diabetesArms4T Education and Care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Determinants, implementation strategies, and mechanisms of the 4T Program.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ananta AddalaDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-4309
Victor RitterDivision of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Aika K Schneider-UtakaDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Selma A AlamarieDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Erica PangDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Ilenia BalistreriDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Blake ShawDivision of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Franziska K BishopDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Dessi P ZaharievaDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Priya PrahaladDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Manisha DesaiDivision of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
David M MaahsDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Korey K HoodDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-7749
4T Team

Funding

Stanford Center for Clinical & Translational Education and Research (Spectrum)UL1TR003142 · NCATS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI O'HARA, RUTH M · 2019 to 2023
$45.0M
Stanford Islet Research CoreP30DK116074 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Seung K Kim · 2017 to 2026
$19.5M
Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric T1D: 4T StudyR18DK122422 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MAAHS, DAVID MATTHEW · 2020 to 2024
$3.2M
Reducing Disparities in Pediatric Diabetes: Building the Evidence Base to Inform Effective Diabetes Technology Interventions in Underrepresented MinoritiesK23DK131342 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ADDALA, ANANTA · 2022 to 2025
$970k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003142NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK131342NIDDK NIH HHS K23DK131342NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK116074NIDDK NIH HHS R18 DK122422NIDDK NIH HHS R18DK122422
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsPsychosocial impacts of early continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) initiation in youth soon after type 1 diabetes diagnosis are underexplored. We report parent/guardian and youth patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that measure psychosocial states for families in 4T Study 1. MATERIALS AND

methodsOf the 133 families in the 4T Study 1, 132 parent/guardian and 66 youth (≥11 years) were eligible to complete PROs. PROs evaluated included diabetes distress, global health, diabetes technology attitudes and CGM benefits/burden scales. Temporal trends of PROs were assessed via generalised linear mixed effects regression. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with PROs were evaluated. Psychosocial associations were evaluated by regressing parental distress on youth distress.

resultsPRO completion rates were 85.6% and varied between parent/guardian and youth. Throughout the study, parent/guardian and youth distress remained low and youth had increased technology acceptance (p = 0.046). Each additional month of CGM use was associated with a 14% decrease in the odds of experiencing diabetes distress (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.76, 0.99], p = 0.029). Additionally, higher time-in-range was associated with decreased diabetes distress (p = 0.048). Age, diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, insurance status and language spoken were not associated with PROs.

conclusionsInitiation of CGM shortly after type 1 diabetes diagnosis does not have unintended negative psychological consequences. Longer duration of CGM use was associated with decreased youth distress and technology acceptance increased throughout the study.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdolescentAdultBlood GlucoseChildContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleHumansMaleParentsPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresStress, PsychologicalBlood Glucosecontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetes distressdiabetes technologyglobal wellbeingnew onset diabetespatient reported outcomes

Identifiers

PMID39604317
PMCPMC11700754

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.