ArticleJournal of internal medicine2025
Longitudinal changes in regional fat and muscle composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers over 5 years of hormone therapy in transgender individuals.
Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07481942 (Body Composition Adaptations Following Initiation of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Populations.), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Body Composition Adaptations Following Initiation of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Populations.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cardiovascular mortality associated with testosterone therapy in cisgender women and transgender men: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Muscle strength changes and physical activity during gender-affirming hormone therapy: A systematic review.Andrology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in transmasculine individuals over 10 years of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Nutritional Monitoring During Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Body Composition and Metabolic Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Chronic estrogen supplementation in the aging castrated male rat is not associated with renal injury or activation of the renin angiotensin system.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Article
- Visceral adipose tissue and liver fat on 17-beta estradiol-dominant gender-affirming hormone therapy: A US-based cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Feminizing hormone therapy using GnRH agonists as antiandrogens is not associated with adverse metabolic and bone effects in adult transgender women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of cardiometabolic index and glomerular filtration rate with sleep disorders: NHANES 2005-2020.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Observational
- Sex Differences in Disc Golf Performance: Implications for Eligibility Criteria for Women's Competitions.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Association between the triglyceride glucose-Chinese visceral adiposity index and new-onset stroke risk: a national cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal changes in regional fat and muscle composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers over 5 years of hormone therapy in transgender individuals.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLongitudinal studies investigating hormone therapy in transgender individuals are rare and often limited to 1- to 2-year follow-up periods. OBJECTIVES AND
methodsWe examined changes in body composition, muscle volumes, and fat distribution as well as muscle strength, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in both transgender men (TM; n = 17, age 25 ± 5 years) and transgender women (TW; n = 16, age 28 ± 5 years) at baseline and after 1 and 5-6 years of hormone therapy in a longitudinal prospective cohort design. Whole-body and regional fat and muscle volumes were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging, and blood samples were taken.
resultsSkeletal muscle size increased in TM (21% after 6 years) and decreased in TW (7% after 5 years). Muscle strength increased 18% after 6 years in TM (p = 0.003) but was statistically unchanged in TW. Muscle fat infiltration changed (p < 0.05) almost completely toward the affirmed sex phenotype after 1 year of therapy in both TM and TW. The most notable changes in fat volume distribution were that TW increased total adiposity but decreased visceral fat volume, whereas TM showed increased visceral fat (70%) and liver fat but relatively stable total adipose tissue levels. Although arterial stiffness and blood pressure did not change, there was a significant increase in triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels and a decrease in HDL levels in TM after 6 years.
conclusionThese unique longitudinal data underscore the importance of continued clinical monitoring of the long-term health effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy in both TW and, perhaps especially, TM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.