Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39603178›Full record

ReviewCarbohydrate research2025

Recent advances in chemical synthesis of phosphodiester linkages found in fungal mannans.

Zuchao Ma, Harry E Ensley, Douglas W Lowman, Michael D Kruppa, David L Williams

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Carbohydrate research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zuchao MaDepartment of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Drug Discovery and Synthesis Core, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA. Electronic address: maz001@etsu.edu.
Harry E EnsleyDepartment of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Drug Discovery and Synthesis Core, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA.
Douglas W LowmanDepartment of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Drug Discovery and Synthesis Core, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA.
Michael D KruppaBiomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA.
David L WilliamsDepartment of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Drug Discovery and Synthesis Core, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN37614, USA.

Funding

Training Innate Immunity: A new approach to the treatment of SepsisR01GM119197 · NIGMS · EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SHERWOOD, EDWARD R, WILLIAMS, DAVID L. · 2016 to 2024
$4.6M
Innate Immunity and Cardiovascular Function in SepsisR01GM083016 · NIGMS · EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI LI, CHUANFU, WILLIAMS, DAVID L. · 2009 to 2021
$3.8M
Glucan glycomimetics: A new approach to stimulating innate immune trainingR21AI176153 · NIAID · EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, DAVID L. · 2024 to 2025
$415k
Development of an alpha-1 phosphate mannan vaccine against the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris.R21AI173607 · NIAID · EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, DAVID L. · 2023 to 2024
$413k
Genetic Characterization of phosphomannan biosynthesis in C. aurisR21AI159877 · NIAID · EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KRUPPA, MICHAEL D · 2021 to 2022
$407k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI159877NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI173607NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI176153NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083016NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM119197
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fungal mannans are located on the exterior of the fungal cell wall, where they interact with the environment and, ultimately, the human host. Mannans play a major role in shaping the innate immune response to fungal pathogens. Understanding the phosphodiester linkage and mannosyl repeat units in the acid-labile portion of mannans is crucial for comprehending their structure/activity relationships and for development of anti-fungal vaccines and immunomodulators. The phosphodiester linkages connect the acid-stable and acid-labile portions of the mannan polymer. Phosphate groups are attached to positions 4 and/or 6 of mannosyl repeat units in the acid-stable portion and to position 1 of mannosyl repeat units in the acid-labile portion. This review focuses on the synthesis of phosphodiester linkages as an approach to the development of mannan glycomimetics, which are based on natural product fungal mannans. Development of successful synthetic strategies for the phosphodiester linkages may enable the production of mannan glycomimetics that elicit anti-fungal immune responses against existing and emerging fungal pathogens, such as Candida albicans and Candida auris.

Indexed as

MannansChemistry Techniques, SyntheticFungiHumansMannansCandida albicansCandida aurisChemical synthesisFungal mannanPhosphomannanα-Mannosyl phosphodiester

Identifiers

PMID39603178
PMCPMC11650759

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.