Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39602082›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2025

Uptake of eye care services in South India: Retrospective mapping of self-reported barriers using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Vijay Kumar Yelagondula, Srinivas Marmamula, Rajashekar Varada, Ahalya Subramanian, John G Lawrenson

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Barriers and Enablers to Seeking Eye Care Among the Adult Indian Population: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Uptake of eye care services in South India: Retrospective mapping of self-reported barriers using the Theoretical Domains Framework.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vijay Kumar YelagondulaBrien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.ORCID 0009-0003-3983-8783
Srinivas MarmamulaBrien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1716-9809
Rajashekar VaradaAllen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eyecare, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Ahalya SubramanianSchool of Health & Medical Sciences, City St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8104-5312
John G LawrensonSchool of Health & Medical Sciences, City St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2031-6390

Funding

Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute LEC08173
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUnderstanding barriers to seeking eye care and providing evidence-based theory-informed solutions can improve the uptake of eye care services. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aim to report and analyse barriers to seeking eye care services among individuals with vision impairment in the Akividu region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

methodsOut of the 3000 enumerated participants, a total of 2587 were examined. All participants with vision impairment were asked to report barriers for not seeking eye care despite noticing reduced vision using a validated questionnaire. The reported barriers were mapped to the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to explore potential individual and environmental influences on the uptake of eye care services.

resultsBarriers to seeking eye care services are most frequently mapped to the 'beliefs about capabilities', 'environmental context and resources' and 'social influences' domains of the TDF. The most frequently reported barrier was 'aware of the problem but can manage' (beliefs about capabilities), expressed by 43.4% (n = 156) and 55.7% (n = 337) of participants with distance and near vision impairment, respectively. 'No one to accompany' for an appointment (social influences) was a significant barrier for participants with distance vision impairment (n = 44, 12.2%) in comparison to participants with near vision impairment (n = 19, 3.1%). Additionally, fear of losing eyesight or operation or consultation (emotion) was a major deterrent for seeking eye care services, particularly among participants with distance vision impairment (n = 31, 8.6%) when compared with near vision impairment (n = 17, 2.8%).

conclusionThe uptake of eye care services is influenced by a complex set of interacting factors. Identification of potentially modifiable target behaviours provides an opportunity to develop theory-informed solutions to improve uptake of services and prevent avoidable vision loss.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityPatient Acceptance of Health CareSelf ReportVision DisordersAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultaccess to eye carebarriers to eye careeye careeye health seeking behaviourtheoretical domains framework

Identifiers

PMID39602082
PMCPMC11823384

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.