ArticleLung2024
COPD Risk Phenotypes in Older Smokers: Evaluation in GLI- and GOLD-Defined Respiratory Impairment.
Article in Lung, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- LUNG Year in Review: 2024.Lung · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn aging populations, the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometry threshold may misclassify normal spirometry as airflow limitation. The Global Lung Initiative (GLI) method provides age-adjusted criteria. We investigated how the use of GOLD or GLI thresholds in an algorithm affects the classification of elderly smokers into COPD risk phenotypes.
methodsUsing a modified COPDGene algorithm, including exposure, symptoms, and abnormal spirometry, 200 smokers aged 60 years and older were classified into 4 mutually exclusive phenotypes: Phenotype A (no symptoms, normal spirometry; reference), Phenotype B (symptoms, normal spirometry; possible COPD), Phenotype C (no symptoms, abnormal spirometry; possible COPD), and Phenotype D (symptoms, abnormal spirometry; probable COPD). Abnormal spirometry was defined according to the GOLD or GLI criteria. A comparison was made between the GOLD- and GLI-defined phenotypes.
resultsUsing GLI criteria/cut-offs, 18.5% (n = 37) had phenotype A (no COPD), 42% (n = 84) had phenotype B (possible COPD), 7.5% (n = 15) had phenotype C (possible COPD), and 32% (n = 64) had phenotype D (probable COPD). Using GOLD criteria cut-offs, 14.5% (n-29) had phenotype A (no COPD); 31% (n = 62) had phenotype B, 11.5% (n = 23) had phenotype C (probable COPD), and 43% (n = 86) had phenotype D (probable COPD). Eight smokers with GOLD phenotype C were reclassified as GLI phenotype A, while 22 with GOLD phenotype D were reclassified as GLI phenotype B. Smokers identified as ‟probable COPD" by GOLD alone (potential false positives) had better spirometry results than those identified as ‟probable COPD" by both GOLD and GLI.
conclusionThe use of the GOLD threshold in an algorithm resulted in older smokers being classified into more severe COPD risk phenotypes compared to the GLI threshold. This suggests that GOLD may misclassify smokers with less affected phenotypes as having respiratory impairment, potentially leading to unnecessary and harmful treatments.
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