Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39601781›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2025

Targeting CD206+ macrophages disrupts the establishment of a key antitumor immune axis.

Arja Ray, Kenneth H Hu, Kelly Kersten, Tristan Courau, Nicholas F Kuhn, Itzia Zaleta-Linares, Bushra Samad, Alexis J Combes, Matthew F Krummel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Macrophage Plasticity in Cancer Therapy: Function, Timing, and Tradeoffs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  7. The DC1 conundrum: Do type I dendritic cells make or break allograft tolerance?American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Arja RayDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2305-2324
Kenneth H HuDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0294-0202
Kelly KerstenDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7615-2594
Tristan CourauDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1819-9516
Nicholas F KuhnDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5634-0846
Itzia Zaleta-LinaresDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-1637-271X
Bushra SamadImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2893-0897
Alexis J CombesDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9110-6542
Matthew F KrummelDepartment of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7915-3533

Funding

The Tumor Microenvironment Niche of Type I conventional Dendritic CellsR01CA197363 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MATTHEW F KRUMMEL · 2017 to 2026
$4.5M
CONTROL OF T CELL SYNAPSE STABILIZATION AND SIGNALINGR37AI052116 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MATTHEW F KRUMMEL · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
American Cancer SocietyCancer Research Institute CRI2940Jean Perkins FoundationNCI NIH HHS R01 CA197363NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI052116NIH HHS R01CA197363
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CD206 is a common marker of a putative immunosuppressive "M2" state in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We made a novel conditional CD206 (Mrc1) knock-in mouse to specifically visualize and/or deplete CD206+ TAMs. Early depletion of CD206+ macrophages and monocytes (Mono/Macs) led to the indirect loss of conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1), CD8 T cells, and NK cells in tumors. CD206+ TAMs robustly expressed CXCL9, contrasting with stress-responsive Spp1-expressing TAMs and immature monocytes, which became prominent with early depletion. CD206+ TAMs differentially attracted activated CD8 T cells, and the NK and CD8 T cells in CD206-depleted tumors were deficient in Cxcr3 and cDC1-supportive Xcl1 and Flt3l expressions. Disrupting this key antitumor axis decreased tumor control by antigen-specific T cells in mice. In human cancers, a CD206Replete, but not a CD206Depleted Mono/Mac gene signature correlated robustly with CD8 T cell, cDC1, and NK signatures and was associated with better survival. These findings negate the unqualified classification of CD206+ "M2-like" macrophages as immunosuppressive.

Indexed as

CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesKiller Cells, NaturalLectins, C-TypeMacrophagesReceptors, Cell SurfaceAnimalsChemokine CXCL9Dendritic CellsGene Knock-In TechniquesHumansMannose-Binding LectinsMannose ReceptorMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMonocytesChemokine CXCL9Cxcr3 protein, mouseLectins, C-TypeMannose-Binding LectinsMannose ReceptorMembrane GlycoproteinsMRC1 protein, humanReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, ChemokineReceptors, CXCR3Receptors, ImmunologicXC chemokine receptor 1, mouse

Identifiers

PMID39601781
PMCPMC11602655

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.