ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2025
Transgender Identity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute psychiatric care experiences and post-discharge trajectories among transgender and gender diverse adults: A constructivist grounded theory.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Self-Reported Diagnoses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Post-secondary Students in the U.S.: A Narrative Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Menstrual health and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms: A scoping review.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to examine associations between identifying as transgender and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in US early adolescents.
methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Year 3, 2019-2021) to estimate associations between gender identity and ADHD symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-oriented attention problem scale scores, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, parent education, household income, and study site. Additional models adjusted for stress problems and depression symptoms. Multiple linear regression analyses estimated the association between gender identity and ADHD symptoms.
resultsIn a sample of 10,277 adolescents, mostly 12-13-year-olds, 1.0% self-identified as transgender and 1.1% self-identified as gender-questioning. Self-reported transgender status (B = 3.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.79-6.04; p = .011) and gender-questioning status (B = 2.72; 95% confidence interval = 0.79-4.65; p = .006) were both associated with higher ADHD symptom scores when compared to cisgender peers after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. In models adjusting for stress problems and depression as well as sociodemographic variables, the associations between transgender and gender-questioning status and ADHD symptoms were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that gender minority status may be linked to higher ADHD symptom scores, potentially due to higher minority stress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.