ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
The influence of menopause on multiple sclerosis.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Neurology of Menopause.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Differences in Income Growth Between People With Multiple Sclerosis and Controls: A Norwegian Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Managing Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review with Expert Opinion from Norway.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Menopause is a physiological progression event for women with multiple sclerosis: No.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Menopause and multiple sclerosis: A scoping review of symptoms, disease course, and lived experience.Maturitas · 2026Article
- Multiple Sclerosis in Women: Impact of Different Life Stages on Treatment Decisions.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Menopause Impact on Multiple Sclerosis Disability Progression.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of sex on multiple sclerosis therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- The influence of menopause on multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Does menopause affect MS progression? Evidence and ongoing debates.Neurodegenerative disease managementArticle
- Menopause and ageing in women with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOne third of the multiple sclerosis (MS) population consists of peri- or postmenopausal women. Many symptoms of menopause overlap those of MS. Some studies show increased speed of disability progression after menopause, while others indicate an unaltered trajectory.
objectiveDetermine the association between menopause and MS disease course.
methodsCohort study with clinical data collected prospectively. Self-reported age of menopause, smoking and parity collected retrospectively.
resultsWe included 559 peri-/postmenopausal women and 386 similarly aged men. There was no significant difference in EDSS progression (slope coef 0.03, 0.02-0.08, p = 0.208) or annual relapse rate (ARR) (0.10, 0.29-0.10, p = 0.324) in the 5 years before and after menopause. Women's EDSS progressed slower than men's after menopause (coef -0.02, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.002, p = 0.032), but there was no difference in ARR [coef. -0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.01, p = 0.262]. Women who reached menopause before MS onset had shorter time to diagnosis than women who reached menopause after onset (3.1 years (3.1) vs. 7.4 years (8.1), p < 0.001). Women who reached menopause before diagnosis had an even longer time to diagnosis (8.8 (9.3) vs. 5.5 (6.3), p < 0.001).
conclusionsThere were no significant differences in EDSS progression or ARR before and after menopause. In fact, men progressed faster than women, suggesting there is no negative impact of menopause on disease progression, as measured by EDSS and relapses.
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Registered trials
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