Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39601468›Full record

ArticleJournal of rehabilitation medicine2024

Effects of semi-immersive virtual reality and manipulation of optic flow speed on gait biomechanics in people post-stroke.

Emma De Keersmaecker, Anke Van Bladel, Silvia Zaccardi, Nina Lefeber, Carlos Rodriguez-Guerrero, Eric Kerckhofs, Bart Jansen, Eva Swinnen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emma De KeersmaeckerRehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Brussels, Belgium; Alliance research group REBI (Rehabilitation technology for people with a brain injury), Vrije Universiteit Brussel & Ghent University, Brussels, Ghent, Belgium.
Anke Van BladelAlliance research group REBI (Rehabilitation technology for people with a brain injury), Vrije Universiteit Brussel & Ghent University, Brussels, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Silvia ZaccardiRehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Informatics, Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Nina LefeberRehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Carlos Rodriguez-GuerreroDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee Leuven, Belgium.
Eric KerckhofsRehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Bart JansenBrussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Informatics, Engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Imec, Leuven, Belgium.
Eva SwinnenRehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Human Robotic Research Center (BruBotics), Brussels, Belgium; Alliance research group REBI (Rehabilitation technology for people with a brain injury), Vrije Universiteit Brussel & Ghent University, Brussels, Ghent, Belgium. eva.swinnen@vub.be.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate how people post-stroke and healthy people experience the addition of semi-immersive virtual reality (VR) and optic flow speed manipulation while walking on a treadmill, and if optic flow speed manipulation could be used in rehabilitation to elicit changes in post-stroke gait biomechanics.

methodsSixteen people post-stroke and 16 healthy controls walked on a self-paced treadmill. After 2 habituation trials (without and with VR), participants walked 3 more trials under the following conditions of optic flow: matched, slow, and fast. Primary outcome measures were spatiotemporal gait parameters and lower limb kinematics. Secondary outcomes (simulator sickness and enjoyment) were assessed with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and visual analogue scales (VAS).

resultsVR did not influence the gait biomechanics, and optic flow manipulation had a limited effect. Both groups significantly increased their walking speed with the slow optic flow and decreased their speed with the fast optic flow. For the other gait parameters, only small changes were found. Only people post-stroke had a significant increase on the SSQ and the enjoyment-VAS.

conclusionAdding semi-immersive VR did not influence the gait pattern, was well tolerated, and enjoyable. Both groups altered their gait parameters when the optic flow speed was adjusted during the protocol. Incorporating such manipulations into treadmill training is feasible, but further research about the type of manipulation and level of immersion is needed.

Indexed as

GaitOptic FlowStrokeStroke RehabilitationVirtual RealityAdultAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID39601468
PMCPMC10795690

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.