ArticleViruses2024
Epidemiology of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Genetic Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 2013-2023.
Article in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Highly sensitive and rapid determination of Coxsackievirus A16 using restriction endonuclease-mediated reverse transcription multiple cross displacement amplification.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and genotypic shift of Coxsackievirus A16 in Fujian, China, from 2010 to 2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Harnessing hybrid perception on multi-scale features for hand-foot-mouth disease multi-region prediction based on Seq2Seq.PloS one · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 associated with hand-foot-mouth disease in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province from 2021 to 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), a common childhood infection caused by enterovirus, poses a serious public health concern in China. We collected and analyzed epidemiological data on 62,133 HFMD cases in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, from 2013 to 2023. The average annual incidence was 76.12 per 100,000 person-years; 99.45% of cases were mild, while 0.55% were severe. Only one patient died. HFMD infections peaked annually in July. Children in kindergartens and scattered children accounted for 44.6% and 42.2% of cases, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR detection of enteroviruses in 5534 patient samples revealed 3780 positives, of which 25.1% were CVA16-positive. Positives were randomly sampled, yielding 240 VP1 sequences of CVA16. Phylogenetic tree results showed that all VP1 sequences belonged to the B1 sub-genogroup. However, the sub-genogroup prevalence varied over time: from 2013 to 2014 and 2019 to 2021, the predominant sub-genogroup was B1a, while it was B1b from 2015 to 2018. Further phylogenetic analyses showed substantial divergence between B1a branches in CVA16, suggesting possible turnover of the B1a sub-genogroup in CVA16 due to evolution. This study provides epidemiological data on HFMD in Shenyang, and provides a phylogenetic analysis of CVA16, offering a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling HFMD in Shenyang City.
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