ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessment of effect modification in associations between biomarkers of prenatal glyphosate exposure and child neurodevelopment in Puerto Rico.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Lactation Interrupted: PFAS Impact on Capacity to Breastfeed Ignored.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Bioactive-Supplemented Infant Formulas and Early Gut-Immune-Endocrine Development: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Early life phthalate and replacement plasticizer exposures and changes in early childhood brain functional connectivity and structural morphology.Environment international · 2026Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Dietary Chemical Exposures: A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Breastfeeding in a Polluted World: Perspective on the Properties of Breast Milk and the Need for Protection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Early Roots of Childhood Obesity: Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is inevitable, and growing scientific evidence indicates that even very low doses can negatively impact human health, particularly during pregnancy and the neonatal period. As part of the European project LIFE18 ENV/IT/00460, this study aims to identify the presence of EDCs in 20 infant formulas (both powdered and liquid) and the release from baby bottles and teats. Particularly, sensitization of young people and future parents towards the potential harmful effects of EDCs could significantly help to reduce exposure. Seven different UPLC-MS/MS methodologies and one ICP-AES were set up to quantify already assessed and suspected EDCs among 85 different chemicals (bisphenols, parabens, PAHs, phthalates, pesticides, herbicides and their main metabolites, PFAS, and metals). Results showed that in 2 out of 14 baby bottles, only anthracene and phenanthrene of the group of PAHs were released (10.68-10.81 ng/mL). Phthalates such as mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were found in 9 of 14 samples (0.054-0.140 ng/mL), while mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MeOHP) appeared in 2 samples (0.870-0.930 ng/mL). In accordance with current EU regulations, other chemicals were not detected in baby bottles and teats. However, bisphenols, parabens, PAHs, phthalates, PFAS, and metals were detected in infant formula, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and public health interventions.
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Registered trials
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