ArticleMicroorganisms2024
IL-36 Gamma: A Novel Adjuvant Cytokine Enhancing Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Immunization with TGIST and TGNSM Against
Article in Microorganisms, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances and Translational Challenges inVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccines Encoding TgGRA47 and TgGRA72 AgainstTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Colloidal Manganese Salt Improves the Efficacy ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- IL-24 Is a Promising Molecular Adjuvant for Enhancing Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccination AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Genetic adjuvants: A paradigm shift in vaccine development and immune modulation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Evaluation of immune protection of a multi-antigenic DNA vaccine encoding TgROP6 and TgMIC12 againstFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background
objectiveTo evaluate the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding TgNSM and TgIST genes against
methodsDNA vaccines, including eukaryotic plasmids pVAX-IST and pVAX-NSM, were constructed. A cocktail DNA vaccine combining these two genes was formulated. The expression and immunogenicity were determined using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Mice were immunized with DNA vaccines encoding either TgIST or TgNSM, as well as with the cocktail DNA vaccine. Humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed by detecting antibody levels, cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses, cytokines, and lymphocyte surface markers. Mouse survival and brain cyst counts were assessed 1 to 2 months post-vaccination in experimental toxoplasmosis models. The adjuvant efficacy of plasmid pVAX-IL-36γ in enhancing DNA vaccine-induced protective immunity was also evaluated.
resultsDNA immunization with pVAX-IST and pVAX-NSM elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by increased Toxoplasma-specific IgG2a titers, Th1 responses (including production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p40, and IL-12p70), and cell-mediated activity with elevated frequencies of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and CTL responses. This provided significant protective efficacy against acute and chronic
conclusionsTgIST and TgNSM induce effective immunity against
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.