Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39597404›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Upscaling of Copper Slag-Based Geopolymer to 3D Printing Technology.

Barbara Kozub, Mateusz Sitarz, Szymon Gądek, Celina Ziejewska, Katarzyna Mróz, Izabela Hager

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Barbara KozubDepartment of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Street, 31-864 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5155-1940
Mateusz SitarzChair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6219-3256
Szymon GądekDepartment of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Street, 31-864 Cracow, Poland.
Celina ZiejewskaDepartment of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6383-7639
Katarzyna MrózChair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5306-2035
Izabela HagerChair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2852-8934

Funding

National Centre for Research and Development Poland ERA-MIN2-3/SMART-G/1/2022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Additive manufacturing using cement has evolved rapidly in recent decades, revolutionizing the construction industry. This technology automates building structures through computer-aided design, offering benefits such as reduced material waste, optimized material distribution, and the ability to use composite materials. This paper aims to examine the potential of using copper-slag-based geopolymers in 3D printing. Geopolymers have gained popularity as an alternative and more energy-efficient material to traditional building materials, while copper slag allows for reducing and managing mining industry waste. Moreover, samples formed in molds based on the same material were produced to evaluate the method of manufacturing on the mechanical properties of geopolymers. This paper presents an evaluation of the mechanical properties including the compressive, flexural, and shear strength of the layered material. It reveals promising results, with strength development mainly observed within the first 14 days. The results show that the compressive strength after 28 days of curing is 46.4 MP and 42.1 MPa for formed and printed samples, respectively. Furthermore, the average bending strength value ranges between 7.4 MPa and 7.8 MPa, regardless of the bending direction and forming method. The obtained results show that printed geopolymers demonstrate adequate layer bonding, confirming the profitability of the 3D printing technology. This research confirms that 3D printing technology enables the use of geopolymer binder materials based on copper slag, which opens the door to sustainable alternatives in construction practices.

Indexed as

3D printingcopper slagforming in moldgeopolymermechanical properties

Identifiers

PMID39597404
PMCPMC11595373

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.