Study on the Application of Foamed Lightweight Soil in Road Widening Project: A Numerical Insight.

This paper introduces a novel retaining wall structure that integrates a traditional mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining wall with foamed lightweight soil (FLS) as the fill material. To evaluate the performance of the structure, a numerical approach based on the finite difference method was employed. Firstly, numerical models were developed based on a centrifuge test model designed by previous researchers, and the results were compared with the measured data. The close agreement between the experimental values and simulations demonstrates the reliability and validity of the proposed numerical models. Subsequently, a series of parametric studies were conducted to reveal the effect of key parameters on the performance of the newly proposed retaining wall. Furthermore, this paper proposes a modified harmonic search algorithm (MHSA), which is based on the original harmonic search algorithm (OHSA), to optimize the design of the proposed retaining wall structure. The results indicate that the proposed retaining wall structure can effectively reduce the differential settlement between the existing road and the newly constructed road at a relatively lower cost. The MHSA can serve as a practical design guidebook for engineers and potential users, enabling rapid and efficient design.