Fused Deposition Modeling of Chemically Resistant Microfluidic Chips in Polyvinylidene Fluoride.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is well suited for microfluidic prototyping due to its low investment cost and a wide range of accessible materials. Nevertheless, most commercial FDM materials exhibit low chemical and thermal stability. This reduces the scope of applications and limits their use in research and development, especially for on-chip chemical synthesis. In this paper, we present FDM fabrication of microfluidic chips with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for applications that require high thermal or chemical resistance. Embedded microchannels with a minimum channel width and heights of ~200 µm × 200 µm were fabricated, and the resistance against common solvents was analyzed. A procedure was developed to increase the optical transmission to result in translucent components by printing on glass. Chips for fluid mixing were printed, as well as microreactors that were packed with a catalytically active phase and used for acetal deprotection with a conversion of more than 99%. By expanding the use of fluorinated polymers to FDM printing, previously challenging microfluidic applications will be conducted with ease at the lab scale.