Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39595726›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2024

Stress and the City: Mental Health in Urbanized vs. Rural Areas in Salzburg, Austria.

Vanessa Natalie Frey, Patrick Benjamin Langthaler, Martin Josef Huf, Günter Gruber, Thomas Prinz, Ludmilla Kedenko, Bernhard Iglseder, Bernhard Paulweber, Eugen Trinka

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vanessa Natalie FreyDepartment of Neurology, Neurointensive Care and Neurorehabilitation, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5337-1273
Patrick Benjamin LangthalerDepartment of Neurology, Neurointensive Care and Neurorehabilitation, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Martin Josef HufDepartment of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Tyrol, Austria.
Günter GruberResearch Studio iSPACE, Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-6866-5899
Thomas PrinzResearch Studio iSPACE, Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Ludmilla KedenkoDepartment of Internal Medicine, St. Johanns University Hospital, Private Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Bernhard IglsederDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-6132-8670
Bernhard PaulweberDepartment of Internal Medicine, St. Johanns University Hospital, Private Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Eugen TrinkaDepartment of Neurology, Neurointensive Care and Neurorehabilitation, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLiving in the city is associated with a higher risk of suffering from stress, anxiety, and depression. Due to an increase of migration to the city, the association between mental health and city life is highly relevant to society.

methodsWe analyzed data of 9573 participants (Ø 55.3 years, SD = 7.4) of the Paracelsus 10,000 study (Salzburg, Austria) who were classified into having or not having depressive symptoms. Population density, green space, and noise around the home address of the participants were collected and tested for correlations with mental health defined by depressive symptoms. We additionally tested whether migration status influenced the effect of urbanization on mental health.

resultsThere is a positive correlation between degree of urbanization and the probability of suffering from depressive symptoms (

conclusionsIn the Paracelsus 10,000 cohort, living in the city is associated with lower mental health, especially in participants with a high population density in the direct neighborhood. This might be due to social stress yet does not reflect minority stress in migrants. However, the influence of noise pollution and green space on mental health is limited in this cohort.

Indexed as

DepressionMental HealthRural PopulationStress, PsychologicalUrbanizationAdultAgedAustriaCitiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNoiseUrban Populationdepressiongreen spacemigrationnoise pollutionParacelsus 10,000population density

Identifiers

PMID39595726
PMCPMC11593727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.