ArticleBiomolecules2024
Effect of a Concurrent Training Program with and Without Metformin Treatment on Metabolic Markers and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Individuals with Insulin Resistance: A Retrospective Analysis.
Article in Biomolecules, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plausible Obesity-Related Chronometabolic and Nutrigenetic Nexus Concerning Dinner Glycemic Index and theBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Analysis of Magnitude and Direction of Body Composition Asymmetries in Male Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes: Pilot Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR), which is prevalent worldwide and has significant adverse health effects. Metformin is commonly prescribed as a pharmacological treatment. Physical exercise is also recognized as an effective regulator of glycemia, independent of metformin. However, the effects of inter-day concurrent training (CT)-which includes both endurance and resistance exercises-combined with metformin treatment on metabolic markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with IR remain controversial.
objectiveThis study aimed to analyze the effects of a 12-week inter-day CT program on metabolic markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight/obese individuals with IR, both with and without metformin treatment. Additionally, inter-individual responses to CT were examined. MATERIALS AND
methodsData from the 2022-2023 Obesity Center database were retrospectively analyzed. According to the eligibility criteria, 20 overweight/obese individuals diagnosed with IR participated in a 12-week CT program (three weekly sessions: two endurance and one resistance exercise session). Participants were divided into three groups: the exercise group (E-G: n = 7, 32.86 ± 8.32 years, 85.2 ± 19.67 kg), the exercise-metformin group (E-MG: n = 6, 34.83 ± 12.91 years, 88.13 ± 12.66 kg), and the metformin-only control group (M-G: n = 7, 34.43 ± 13.96 years, 94.23 ± 13.93 kg). The M-G did not perform physical exercise during the 12 weeks but continued pharmacological treatment. Body composition, metabolic markers, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed before and after the 12-week CT program.
resultsA group-by-time interaction was observed for fasting insulin (F
conclusionsThe 12-week inter-day concurrent training program, whether combined with metformin or not, was similarly effective in improving metabolic markers in patients with insulin resistance as metformin treatment alone. Both exercise groups demonstrated a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity and an increase in maximal fat oxidation. Meanwhile, exclusive pharmacological treatment with metformin markedly decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, and consequently, fat oxidation.
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