ArticleBiomedicines2024
Metabolic, Microvascular, and Structural Predictors of Long-Term Functional Changes Evaluated by Multifocal Electroretinogram in Type 1 Diabetes.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Editorial of Special Issue "Molecular Research and Recent Advances in Diabetic Retinopathy: Second Edition".Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Breakthroughs in diabetic retinopathy diagnosis and treatment using preclinical research models: current progress and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Functional Assessment of Inner and Outer Macular Layers in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to analyze the potential pathogenic connection between metabolic factors, photoreceptor cell rearrangements, retinal microvascular perfusion, and functional parameters through multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).
methodsThis prospective observational cohort study enrolled DM1 patients (40.5 ± 9.1 years) with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy followed for 4 years. Patients were subjected to multimodal imaging, which included color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, adaptive optics (AO), and mfERG. OCTA slabs were analyzed using ImageJ software (software version 2.3.0/1.53f) to calculate perfusion density (PD) at both superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses, as well as flow deficit percentage (FD%) at the choriocapillaris (CC). To calculate cone metrics on AO at the parafovea, including cone density (CD), linear dispersion index (LDi), and heterogeneity packing index (Hpi%) in the parafovea, the images were post-processed using a MATLAB algorithm. The mfERG P1 implicit time (IT) and N1-P1 response amplitude density (RAD) from R1 (foveal area), R2 (parafoveal area), and the unified rings R1 + R2 were evaluated.
resultsA total of 22 patients (22 eyes) were enrolled. No significant differences were noted in central mfERG amplitude and implicit time-averaged values (
conclusionsMicrovascular changes and glucometabolic factors are key elements influencing the long-term morphofunctional alterations at the photoreceptor level in DM1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.