ArticleBiomedicines2024
How Co-Stimulatory/Inhibitory Molecules Vary Across Immune Cell Subtypes in the Severity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Compared to Controls.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Integrated immune profiling identifies a coordinated T-cell activation and inflammatory signature in SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCo-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules are critical to T cell responses and involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the surface expression of these molecules in various phenotypic immune cells, comparing the differences between various levels of the severity in SLE and control groups.
methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated using Ficoll-Paque from blood samples of severe SLE patients (treatment with immunosuppressants), mild SLE patients (excluding those with persistent proteinuria or thrombocytopenia), and healthy controls (
resultsThe results showed that CD28 expression was significantly higher in SLE patients compared to controls, with the highest levels in mild SLE. However, CD3
conclusionsOur study highlighted that the expression of CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-1 in lymphocytes and specific T cell subsets was various according the severity of SLE in patients, underscoring their roles in disease pathogenesis.
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