Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39592970›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2024

Is there a link between peripheral inflammation and blood brain barrier integrity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A case-control study.

Samira Zien Sayed, Zienab Osama Hassan, Wedad M Abdelraheem, Rasha Samir Refaat, Ibtehal Saad Abuelela

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07665658 (Effectiveness of Neuroplasticity-Targeted Supplements on Neuroinflammatory Markers, ADHD Symptom Severity, and Clinical Scores in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07665658 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of Neuroplasticity-Targeted Supplements on Neuroinflammatory Markers, ADHD Symptom Severity, and Clinical Scores in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorKhyber Medical University PeshawarRan2026 to 2026Enrolled68ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderArmsInulin, Probiotic, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Thiamine, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Samira Zien SayedDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
Zienab Osama HassanDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
Wedad M AbdelraheemDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
Rasha Samir RefaatDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
Ibtehal Saad AbuelelaDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt. Ebtihal.saad@mu.edu.eg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClaudin-5 is a vital constituent of tight junctions, which are critical elements of the blood-brain barrier. In people with neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral inflammation is often found, although it is less common in healthy populations. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Claudin-5, peripheral immune cells, and the severity of symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

methodsThe study included a cohort of 33 children diagnosed with ADHD and 29 control subjects, all aged between 5 and 12 years. The intensity of ADHD symptoms was evaluated using Conner's questionnaire, which the parents completed. Each kid had serum level measurements of Claudin-5 and a complete blood count in order to establish a correlation with symptoms of ADHD.

resultsSerum Claudin-5 levels are lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group; median (IQR) = 30.94 (4-137) and 44.12 (4-223.3) respectively (p = 0.69). The levels of neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio are significantly higher in ADHD than in controls (p = 0.011 and 0.015, respectively). Lymphocytes have a significant positive correlation with ADHD symptoms severity, namely, total Conner's scale and inattention (p = 0.021 and 0.004 respectively), while NLR has a significant negative correlation with total Conner's score and impulsivity (p = 0.046, p = 0.038), also a negative correlation yet not significant between serum Claudin-5 level and total Conner's score, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Neutrophils were found to have a significant positive linear regression with Claudin-5 (p = 0.023).

conclusionThese results revealed that BBB integrity is affected in ADHD children, as claudin-5 levels were found to be lower in children with ADHD, lymphocytes were found to be associated with increased ADHD symptoms severity, and NLR was associated with decreased symptoms severity, which may be via the positive effects of increased neutrophils on Claudin-5 levels.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBlood-Brain BarrierClaudin-5InflammationBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLymphocytesMaleNeutrophilsSeverity of Illness IndexBiomarkersClaudin-5CLDN5 protein, humanADHDBlood brain barrierClaudin-5Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and childrenPeripheral inflammation

Identifiers

PMID39592970
PMCPMC11590277

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.