ArticleNPJ breast cancer2024
Immune environment of high-TIL breast cancer: triple negative and hormone receptor positive HER2 negative.
Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Liquid biopsy reveals the immune status and protein profiles linked to CTC burden and clinical outcomes in metastatic breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Trial
- The tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and a strategy to improve responses to immunotherapy using cryoablation and immunostimulants.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- STAID: A Self-Refining Deep Learning Framework for Spatial Cell-Type Deconvolution with Biologically Informed Modeling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Investigation of immunohistochemical marker expression in breast cancer of varying severity and construction of a predictive model.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Spatial analysis of tumor immune microenvironment of TNBC with different neoadjuvant chemotherapy outcomes using multiplex Immunofluorescence.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Review
- The Trojan Horse Within: Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Breast Cancer.Cancer heterogeneity and plasticity · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study explores differences in immune cell (IC) composition and spatial distribution between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (HR + HER2-BC) in high-TIL (≥60%) cases, focusing on PD-L1 status. Using multiplex immunofluorescence on resected tumor tissues from 18 TNBC and 14 HR + HER2-BC cases, we analyzed IC types (CD20, CD8, CD4, FOXP3) and their spatial interactions. TNBC showed a unique IC composition characterized by a higher proportion of CD8 + IC (stroma: 27% vs 17%, p < 0.001; tumor: 54% vs 31%, p < 0.001) and CD4 + FOXP3 + IC (stroma: 3.9% vs 3.0%, p = 0.036), compared to HR + HER2-BC. Notably, PD-L1 positive TNBC cases demonstrated denser infiltration CD4 + FOXP3 + IC in the stromal region compared to HR + HER2-BC (146.4 ± 67.1/mm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.