ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2024
Factors Influencing Immunotherapy Utilization in Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer: Impact of Race and Socioeconomics in the U.S.
Article in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly lethal cancer with a poor prognosis, is expected to become the second deadliest cancer in the United States by 2030. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the survival rates of patients with PDAC have remained low. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for various cancers; however, its utilization in PDAC has been limited due to various challenges, including resistance mechanisms and the advanced stage at which most patients are diagnosed.
methodsWe analyzed data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2010 to 2017, focusing on the impact of race, insurance status, and socioeconomic factors among patients with stage IV PDAC using logistic regression analyses.
resultsAmong 109,663 patients with stage IV PDAC, 421 (0.38%) received immunotherapy. The recipients were younger (median age 63 vs. 68 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to be white (87.4% vs. 82.1%). Patients with private insurance or Medicare (p < 0.001), and those earning more than $60 k annually (51.0% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive immunotherapy. Treatment was more likely in academic/research programs than in community cancer programs (53.0% vs. 33.4%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Black patients had lower odds of receiving immunotherapy than Caucasian patients (OR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.601-0.882], p = 0.019). Higher income was also a significant predictor of immunotherapy utilization (highest vs. lowest income quartile: OR, 2.228 [95% CI: 1.422-3.491], p < 0.001).
conclusionsThis study revealed significant disparities in immunotherapy access for stage IV PDAC based on race, socioeconomic status, and geographic location in the United States, highlighting the need for intervention to promote equitable access to this promising treatment modality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39592489What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.