ArticlePloS one2024
Association between blood pressure control in hypertension and urine sodium to potassium ratio: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2021).
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in Japanese patients with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: the Fukuoka Kidney disease Registry study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Trends in Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratios in Koreans: Analysis of KNHANES 2016-2023 Data.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association Between Coffee Consumption and Glucose Metabolism Markers in Korean Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of dietary sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio in Korea.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Influencing factors and risk prediction nomogram model construction of hyperkalemia during kidney transplantation.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundHypertension (HTN) is linked to an enhanced risk of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. While sodium and potassium intake affect blood pressure (BP) control, the urine sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio, which reflects dietary balance and renal regulation of these electrolytes, could be associated with BP. This study aimed to evaluate the independent association between urine Na/K and uncontrolled HTN.
methodsData were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2021. A total of 5,770 participants diagnosed with HTN were enrolled in this study. Uncontrolled HTN was characterized by a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between urine Na/K and the risk of uncontrolled HTN.
resultsThe urine Na/K was positively correlated with both SBP and mean arterial pressure. Higher urine Na/K was significantly associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled HTN using both continuous (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.13 [1.09-1.16], P <0.01]) and across quartile values (with Q1 as a reference; Q2: 1.26 [1.06-1.49], P = 0.01; Q3: 1.50 [1.27-1.78], P <0.01; Q4: 1.85 [1.55-2.17], P < 0.01). The subgroup analysis also showed that higher urine Na/K were significantly related to the risk of uncontrolled HTN in the presence of proteinuria or CKD.
conclusionUrine Na/K ratio is independently associated with uncontrolled HTN in the general population and in patients with CKD. Our findings suggest that monitoring the urine Na/K could serve as an effective tool for identifying subjects at risk of uncontrolled HTN.
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