ArticleToxics2024
Gender-Specific Toxic Effects of S-Metolachlor and Its Metabolite on Hibernating Lizards: Implications for Reproductive Health and Ecosystem Vulnerability.
Article in Toxics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Reptiles rely on hibernation to survive harsh winters, but climate change and pesticide use in agriculture jeopardize their survival, making the ecosystem vulnerable. S-metolachlor (SM), a commonly found herbicide in soil, and its metabolite metolachlor oxanilic acid (MO) induce oxidative stress and disrupt reproductive hormones. In this study, lizards were exposed to SM- and MO-contaminated soil for 45 days during hibernation. Weight loss and deaths occurred at the beginning of hibernation in all groups. Furthermore, the exposure group experienced severe oxidative stress and damage in the liver, kidney, heart, gonad, and brain. The testosterone levels significantly decreased in male lizards in both the SM and MO groups, whereas estradiol levels increased significantly in female lizards in the SM group. Gender-specific expression of steroidogenic-related genes in the brains and gonads of lizards was observed. Histological analysis revealed toxic effects induced by both SM and MO in vital organs during hibernation. Moreover, MO induced more severe reproductive toxicity in male lizards during hibernation. Therefore, this study suggests gender-specific toxic effects were observed in hibernating lizards exposed to SM and MO, underscoring the importance of vigilant monitoring of pesticide application in agriculture and assessing the potential harm of its metabolites.
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